In a religious context, fasting means abstaining from all or certain foods and/or drinks for a certain period for devotional or spiritual reasons. Technically, fasting does not mean other forms of self-denial or self-discipline. Although "fasting" from media, shopping, or other favorite pastimes and personal indulgences may be good or useful, that is not what Scripture and Christian tradition mean by fasting. Giving up or abstaining from meat (fowl included) has often been associated with fasting, but the traditional Anglican term for that practice is "abstinence."
So what are the general Anglican expectations about Lenten fasting? Traditionally, all forty days in Lent (the Sundays not included) are days for fasting to some degree. That means food intake should be reduced and simplified. In addition, the BCP indicates that most Fridays throughout the year are days of abstinence from meat. Furthermore, a person may choose to give up some favorite food, beverage, or activity.
There are several purposes for religious fasting. It is penitential or a reminder that we need to control our physical desires and habits. It is also an encouragement or a positive reminder that we need to spend more time in Scripture and prayer. Fasting can remind us that our souls need spiritual nourishment as much as our bodies need nourishment. Although not primary, there can also be some side benefits to fasting such as a healthier mind in a healthier body or more time and money to donate to charitable causes.
As important as fasting is, there are also several dangers. One is that our fasting must not be done self-righteously (see Matthew 6). A related danger is a legalistic attitude. Many Anglicans and others get too caught up in the rules- either too demanding or too much searching for loopholes. In addition, fasting practices need to be reasonable and consider our ages, health, general diets, medications, and activity levels. For example, please don't pass out from fasting, especially if you are driving!
So I urge everyone to keep a good Lenten fast as part of his/her devotional life. And as good Anglicans, be well-ordered, be prudent, and avoid extremes!
