Sunday before Lent or Quinquagesima- I Corinthians 13

For this Sunday before Lent traditionally called Quinquagesima (from the Latin, "fifty"), I would briefly focus on the Epistle from I Corinthians 13 and its significance in approaching Lent.  This chapter is the Apostle Paul's great exhortation about true Christian love, and it can be applied in all kinds of contexts. It certainly has a special application at this time in the church year.

As we look to the beginning of Lent on Wednesday, we should keep charity or love (agape) foremost. During this season, most Christians rightly stress the need for greater dedication and special acts of devotion. There is much useful talk about disciplines such as prayer, fasting, Scriptural reading, acts of mercy, special offerings, and so forth. We need to do such things for our spiritual discipline and well-being. Yet, we must also be careful lest we pursue discipline devoid of true charity or love.  Any externally good actions without Christ-like faith, hope, and love prove spiritually worthless.  So we must remain open to the grace of God which is the true source of love for God and our neighbor.

Second Sunday before Lent or Sexagesima

The Second Sunday before Lent, traditionally called Sexagesima (from the Latin- "sixtieth") continues to look toward Lent. It should lead us to prepare for greater efforts in Christian faith and practice. But although we should always strive to do more, the Collect for this Sunday reminds us that we "put not our trust in any thing that we do." We depend upon God's power, His grace, in all things.

Septuagesima- Matthew 20

The Gospel for Septuagesima, the first Sunday of Pre-Lent, is the Parable of the Workers from St. Matthew 20.  In this story, our Lord warns us that the kingdom of heaven is not centered on our human efforts or accomplishments. Almighty God is sovereign and exalted above human understanding. He is free to do as He chooses, and He is gracious beyond measure. Any reward human beings receive from God is really a gift that is not earned, and He is free to bestow His gifts as He pleases. He does not owe us anything, not even an accounting of what He gives us or our fellow laborers.

This teaching has a special application as we enter into the seasons of Pre-Lent and then Lent. Certainly, these church seasons call us to emphasize spiritual training and special self-discipline. We are asked to strive and work harder in divine service. Yet, even while we are expected to work, we must keep in mind that our human efforts can not really merit anything from God. Our efforts must be done with a humble attitude. God is in charge, and we must always respond to His gracious offers with thankful humility.

Pre-Lent: Quinquagesima- Luke 18

This Sunday, Quinquagesima, is the fiftieth day before Easter and the Sunday before Ash Wednesday. The Gospel from St. Luke 18 talks about Christ's Way of the Cross. It also shows us two kinds of blindness. The blind beggar by the Jericho road is blind physically. He has faith in Jesus and is healed quickly. The twelve closest disciples, however, have a problem with spiritual blindness. They think that Jesus is the Messiah, but they have not yet understood His way of being the Messiah. They have not yet come to see that He is the Suffering Servant who redeems others through His afflictions. It will take longer to cure them of their blindness. Only by following Him through the difficult days that lead to the Cross and Empty Tomb will they come to appreciate the true nature of His ministry.

As we approach the beginning of Lent, we can apply this Gospel to ourselves. Have we been spiritually blind? Have we seen the necessity of Christ's suffering and death for our redemption? And are we willing to follow Jesus Christ along the difficult Way of the Cross? Only God's grace working through the Word and the Holy Ghost can open our spiritual eyes to the redeeming work of Christ in His Passion, Death, and Resurrection. 

Pre-Lent: Sexagesima- Luke 8

The Second Sunday before Lent or Sexagesima (Latin- "sixtieth") continues to lead us to prepare for greater efforts in faith and action. But although we must strive for greater efforts, the Collect reminds us that we "put not our trust in any thing that we do." We depend upon God's power, His grace, in all things.

In the Epistle from II Corinthians 11:19-31, St. Paul responds to those Corinthians who do not appreciate his message and mission. They seem to be looking for a leader who is wise or strong in worldly terms. Rather than engage in a debate about his strengths, the apostle Paul ironically glories in his weaknesses. By doing so, he does two things. 1) He actually does point out some of the important ways in which he has served the Gospel. 2) He emphasizes the glory and grace of God. The Apostle teaches that believers are called to serve the Lord in, through, and despite their weaknesses, and then leave the rest to God.

The Gospel from St. Luke 8:4-15 is one of the accounts concerning the Parable of the Sower. This story occurs in three of the Gospels, This Parable is also special because in the text Christ Himself develops an allegorical interpretation. Sometimes, a distinction is made between parable and allegory. In such a distinction, a parable is a brief story that illustrates one key point while an allegorical interpretation develops more symbolic details.

Thus, one can say that the Parable of the Sower points out that the seed (the Word of God) is sown in different soils but still produces much fruit. The allegorical interpretation goes on to look at the different circumstances where the Word of God is received. Understandably. we often want to focus on what kind of soil we are or how we might become more receptive soil. From an individual perspective, our receptivity is something to consider. However, the point of the text does not seem to be primarily about our personal receptivity. In other words, the main point is Christ's ministry and about how His followers can assist in that ministry. The seed has to be sowed; the Word has to be spread. The great Sower and His helpers have a job to do, and they are to spread the Word regardless of the response it receives in diverse circumstances. Although every hearer will not produce good results, some will, and those will produce abundantly.

Pre-Lent: Septuagesima- Matthew 20

Contemporary Anglicans follow two or three different calendars in the weeks leading up to Lent. Some recent calendars have a longer Epiphany Season ending on the Sunday before Ash Wednesday with Transfiguration Sunday. Traditional Books of Common Prayer preserve the long-standing custom of a pre-Lenten season. 

From the sixth century until the 1960s, calendars in the Western Church called the third Sunday before Lent "Septuagesima," the Latin for "seventy." The traditional names for this Sunday and the following two seem to be based on a rough approximation of the number of days before Easter. Septuagesima is actually 63 days before Easter, Sexagesima (Latin "sixty") is 56 days before Easter, and Quinquagesima (Latin "fifty") is 49 days before Easter.

Whatever the origin of this practice, Pre-Lent might be called called "semi-penitential." These Sundays are not quite like Lent, but traditionally they have used somber-colored vestments and have omitted certain joyful praises such as the GLORIA IN EXCELSIS. In such ways, worshippers are reminded of a shift in emphasis, of a transition from the glorious celebrations of Christmas and Epiphany to serious reflections during Lent. In other words, this mini-season can help prepare for more serious devotional practices during Lent.

In looking over the BCP Epistle and Gospel for this day, one may be struck by a certain unexpected contrast. The Epistle from I Corinthians 9:24-27 stresses the need for self-discipline and moral effort; the Gospel from St. Matthew 20:1-16 stresses divine choice and free grace. There is a certain irony in these selections because many people associate themes of self-discipline and moral effort with the Synoptic Gospels while attributing the themes of divine choice and free grace to the epistles of St. Paul. Of course, in reality, the Scriptures as a whole teach both self-discipline and free grace.

In the Parable of the Workers from St. Matthew 20, our Lord warns us that the kingdom of heaven is not centered on our human efforts or accomplishments. All believers should acknowledge that Almighty God is sovereign, exalted above human understanding, free to do as He chooses, and gracious beyond measure. Any reward from Him is really a gift that is not earned, and He is free to bestow His gifts as He pleases. He does not owe us anything, not even an accounting of what He gives us or our fellow laborers.

As we enter into the season of Pre-Lent, we are called to be in spiritual training. We are asked to strive and work harder in divine service. Yet, even while we are expected to work, we must keep in mind that we remain dependent on grace. We must always be ready to accept with a thankful and humble attitude whatever God graciously offers us.

Quinquagesima or the Sunday next before Lent- Luke 18:31-43

This Sunday before Lent begins is traditionally known as Quinquagesima, the Latin word for "fifty" (it is 49 days before Easter).  As we look toward our Lenten preparations for Easter which begin on Ash Wednesday, the Gospel today Luke 18:31-43 tells us important things for living the Christian life. In this passage, we see our Lord confronting two types of human blindness. Of course, there is the physical blindness of the beggar at Jericho. Our Lord deals with this problem miraculously and quickly, and it becomes an occasion to praise God. 

However, there is another blindness in the passage which takes longer to remedy. This is the spiritual blindness of the Twelve. They have spent time with Jesus, and they honor Him in many ways. They have a rudimentary faith that He is the Messiah. Yet, their expectations of the Messiah remain immature and superficial. They just want to hear prophecies about and think about His glorious actions and triumphs. Jesus tells them repeatedly that He is the suffering Messiah who is mentioned in the prophecies, but they don’t want to hear such unpleasantness.

As Luke 18:34 indicates, “This saying was hid from them….” They choose to be blind. Despite His teachings and predictions, it will only be after His resurrection that they have their eyes opened. Only then will they begin truly to see and understand Christ’s work of redemption. 

Christians have often continued to be like those first disciples. Although we have heard of Christ's death and resurrection, we still try to ignore His teachings about suffering. We prefer to ignore the trials and pains that Christ, His Church, and we as His followers endure in this world. We want the glory without humility. We want heavenly life without the cross and resurrection. But Christ keeps telling us that we must first follow Him in the way of the cross. So, as we look toward Lent and think of Christ’s journey to the cross, may our spiritual insight be better! May our eyes be opened to see the redemptive purposes of humility and suffering in this world! Only then can we truly appreciate the glorious victory of Easter.

Sexagesima- Glorying in Infirmities- II Corinthians 11:19-31

 On this Sunday almost sixty (Latin sexagesima) days before Easter, my attention has been drawn to the Epistle from II Corinthians 11:19- 31. In this passage, the Apostle Paul summarizes his ministry and some of his difficulties. Then in II Corinthians 11:30, he concludes, "If I must needs glory, I will glory of the things which concern mine infirmities." Those who follow Jesus Christ must follow Him in the way of the cross. Despite our creaturely proclivities, we must not look for worldly ease or earthly glory. Instead, we must look to Christ and pursue spiritual goals which are contrary to worldly ways of thinking. Believers need to see worldly trials and struggles as ways leading to heavenly glory.

This Christian principle is always true, but sometimes we need to be reminded, and we need to think of how it applies in our lives. This week, two distinct applications have struck me. First, there is an application to the church calendar. During pre-Lent and Lent, we highlight themes of self-discipline and self-denial. Such themes are important for living a Christian life and for striving to follow our Lord. It is not our outward triumphs that mark our loyal discipleship. Rather, it is our perseverance through unpleasant and difficult circumstances and through our infirmities that indicate our faithfulness to Christ.

Secondly, this principle has a special relevance to Christian discipleship in these historic times. A cursory examination of the news shows great challenges. There are corruptions, absurdities, and evil in many places. This decadence is widespread in religion, even in supposedly Christian churches. So Christians who strive to be faithful in doctrine and conduct are frequently confronted with blatant false teachings and evil behavior from their leaders and fellows. 

Historically, there have always been human failures, but in recent times, the failures are more widespread and systemic. Christian institutions that have been faithful in some respects in the past may no longer be so today or tomorrow. Opposition and even persecution may suddenly come from new directions. And our personal strengths may feel overwhelmed. But we do not face the world confiding in our own strength. Like the Apostle Paul, we must be ready to face a variety of challenges allowing the grace of God in Christ Jesus to work through our infirmities.

Septuagesima- Matthew 20, I Corinthians 9

This Sunday is Septuagesima (the Latin word for "Seventy). On the traditional calendar of the Western Church, it is the beginning of the Pre-Lenten season which consists of three Sundays. This semi-penitential season developed in the Middle Ages extends the preparation for Easter.

In the Epistle from I Corinthians 9, St. Paul makes an athletic comparison from ancient Greco-Roman culture that is certainly still appropriate. If people are willing to expend so much effort for physical training, they should not expect less effort in spiritual training. After all, the goal of spiritual training is much higher; it is worth incomparably more than any athletic prize. 

Despite the need for spiritual discipline, in the Parable of the Laborers or Workers from St. Matthew 20, our Lord also teaches us that the kingdom of heaven is not centered on our human efforts. The kingdom is God-centered, and He transcends human understanding. God is free to do as He chooses and is gracious beyond measure. Any reward from Him is really a gift that is not earned, and He is free to bestow His gifts as He pleases. He does not owe us anything but gives generously. So while we should not neglect human training and effort, our focus must always remain on God's call and divine graciousness.

Pre-Lent- Sexagesima- Luke 8

The Second Sunday before Lent or Sexagesima (Latin- "sixtieth") continues to lead us to prepare for greater efforts in faith and action. But although we must strive for greater efforts, the Collect reminds us that we "put not our trust in any thing that we do." We depend upon God's power and His grace in all things.

The Gospel from St. Luke 8 also points us toward God's initiative in Christ. It is one of the accounts of the Parable of the Sower. This Parable is special because in the text Christ Himself develops an allegorical interpretation. A parable is a brief story that illustrates one key point; an allegorical interpretation, on the other hand, develops more symbolic details.

Thus, the Parable of the Sower points out that the seed (the Word of God) is sown in different soils but still produces much fruit. The allegorical interpretation goes on to look at the different soils, that is, the different kinds of people, who receive the Word of God. Although we tend to focus on what kind of soil we are or how we might become more receptive soil, the text is primarily addressing the other end of the process. In other words, the point is not mainly about what kind of people might make productive disciples. Instead, Jesus' disciples are being instructed about His ministry and about how they are to participate in that ministry. The seed has to be sowed; the Word has to be spread. The great Sower and His helpers have a job to do, and they are to spread the Word regardless of the diverse responses it receives. Some hearers of the Gospel do not produce good results, but some do, by divine grace, and those produce abundantly.

Modern Christians often focus too much on the mechanics of evangelization. Of course, we should show some prudence in our sowing. We sow the seed where there is some good soil. We make preparations and look for good ministry opportunities. Yet, we must not be overly anxious about such mundane details. The Word that is sown is God's Word, and ultimately, He is the One who brings any good results. We must not trust so much in our own efforts; rather we must learn to trust in the power of God's Word in Christ and in His grace to provide the growth of the kingdom.

Pre-Lent or the "Gesimas"

This year the Pre-Lenten season comes very quickly after Epiphany, and thus this mini-season really does fulfill its purpose of reminding us that Lent is approaching. This is the time to start thinking about our Lenten disciplines for this year. On what areas of our moral, devotional, and spiritual lives do we need to focus? What are some practical activities that can help us on our Christian journeys? How can we experience our faith more deeply?  How can we use the time between now and Holy Week to appreciate those days in a renewed way? Now is the time to begin contemplating such questions. Let us not wait till Ash Wednesday lest we give some automatic response based on previous years.

Septuagesima- Salt of the Earth

This Sunday begins the old custom of a pre-Lenten season. From the sixth century until the 1960's, calendars in the Western Church called the third Sunday before Lent "Septuagesima," the Latin for "seventy."  The names of this Sunday and the following two seem to be based on a rough approximation of the number of days before Easter.

One New Testament lesson for Morning Prayer is St. Matthew 5:1-16. This selection contains the Beatitudes which can inspire extensive meditations. This time, I will briefly focus on St. Matthew 5:13:  Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out, and to be trodden under foot of men.

Christ's followers are called upon to have the character of salt in the world. Salt is a flavor, a nutrient, and a preservative. It is to be hoped that Christians can be all three in the world. We know better than to expect the whole world to be salt, but as Christ's followers, we should add to the quality of earthly life for those around us. And if we are not thinking and acting in ways that add something to life, we have lost our purpose, become useless and are ready to be discarded. May we look at ourselves and allow God's grace to make us saltier!

Quinquagesima- The Sunday next before Lent

This Sunday, Quinquagesima, is the fiftieth day before Easter and the Sunday before Ash Wednesday. The Collect, Epistle and Gospel for the Sunday are rich in many things that Christians need to hear and think about. For example, the collect reminds us of our needs, and it requests divine aid so that our efforts may be filled with a charitable or loving attitude. If we approach Lenten devotion without love, our deeds "are nothing worth."

The Gospel from St. Luke 18 talks about Christ's Way of the Cross. It also shows us two kinds of blindness. The blind beggar by the Jericho road suffered physical blindness, but through his faith in Jesus, he was healed fairly easily. The twelve closest disciples, on the other hand, suffered from a spiritual blindness. They thought that Jesus was the Messiah, but they had not yet understood His way of being the Messiah. They had not yet come to see that He was the Messiah who was the Suffering Servant. It would take longer to cure them of their blindness. Only by following Him through the difficult days would they come to appreciate His true triumph at the Resurrection.

As we approach the beginning of Lent, we can employ these themes as part of the examination of our souls. Are we motivated by love as we seek to do good? In what ways have we been spiritually blind? Do we see the necessity of Christ's suffering and death for our redemption? And are we willing to follow Jesus Christ through the the difficulties of the Way of the Cross? Only through the aid of the Holy Ghost "poured into our hearts" can we move beyond our failings and begin to answer these questions in a positive manner.

Sexagesima- Sowing the Word

The Second Sunday before Lent or Sexagesima (Latin- "sixtieth") continues to lead us to prepare for greater efforts in Christian devotion and service. But although we must prepare for greater efforts, the Collect reminds us that we "put not our trust in any thing that we do." The Gospel from St. Luke 8 is one of the accounts about the Parable of the Sower. Besides occurring in three of the Gospels, this Parable is also special because in the text Christ Himself develops an allegorical interpretation. In biblical studies, a distinction is often made between parable and allegory. In this context, a parable is a brief story that illustrates one key point; an allegorical interpretation, on the other hand, develops more symbolic details.

Thus, one can say that the Parable of the Sower points out that the seed (the Word of God) is sown in different soils but still produces much fruit. The allegorical interpretation goes on to look at the different soils, the different kinds of people who receive the Word of God. Very often we want to consider what kind of soil we are or how we might become more receptive soil. From an individual perspective, our receptivity is something to consider. However, it seems that the text was primarily addressing the other end of the process. In other words, the point was not mainly about what kind of people might make productive disciples. Instead, Jesus' disciples were being instructed about His ministry and about how they were to participate in that ministry. The seed had to be sowed; the Word had to be spread. The great Sower and His helpers had a job to do, and they were to spread the Word regardless of the response it received in diverse circumstances. Although every hearer would not produce good results, some would, and those would produce abundantly.

As we consider evangelism and mission, modern Christians often seem to worry too much about the kind of soil. Sometimes, planting churches and choosing mission projects seem to be becoming social sciences more than exercises in faithfulness. Of course, we should show some prudence in our sowing. The seed does need some good soil. We Christians should make preparations and look for good ministry opportunities. Yet, we must not be too anxious about such details. The Word that is sown is God's Word, and ultimately, He is the One who brings any abundant harvest. We must not trust so much in our own efforts; rather we must learn to trust in the power of God's Word.

The Sunday called Septuagesima

Traditional Books of Common Prayer preserve the long-standing custom of a pre-Lenten season. From the sixth century until the 1960's, calendars in the Western Church called the third Sunday before Lent "Septuagesima," the Latin for "seventy." Although other possible interpretations have been offered, the names of this Sunday and the following two seem to be based on a rough approximation of the number of days before Easter. Septuagesima is actually 63 days before Easter, Sexagesima (Latin "sixty") is 56 days before Easter and Quinquagesima (Latin "fifty") is 49 days before Easter.

Two factors may have been involved in establishing the pre-Lenten season: 1) the need for special supplications during Lombard invasions of Italy and natural disasters of the sixth century, and 2) the fact that the Eastern Orthodox had a longer season of Lent. In any case, we might call these Sundays "semi-penitential." They are not quite like Lent, but traditionally they have used somber-colored vestments and have omitted certain joyful praises such as the GLORIA IN EXCELSIS. In such ways, worshippers are reminded of a shift in emphasis, of a transition from the glorious celebrations of Christmas and Epiphany to serious reflections during Lent.