Trinity VI- Matthew 5:20; Romans 6:11

 On the Sixth Sunday after Trinity, the Gospel begins with Matthew 5:20: "Jesus said unto his disciples, "Except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven.'"  How can this be? The Pharisees were noted for their pursuit of legal righteousness. How can the disciples of Jesus even hope that their righteousness might exceed that of the Pharisees?

We see the answer in the following verses, Matthew 5:21-26. In these verses and throughout the Sermon on the Mount, it becomes clear that our Lord is talking about more than a mere external obedience to the commandments of divine Law. While obeying certain rules can help restrain evil and provide guidance for good behavior, external obedience is not sufficient. Following the rules is not enough because true righteousness involves inner attitudes. God wants us to turn from sin and be renewed inwardly in faith, hope, and love each day. And such repentance and renewal only come through divine grace manifest in Jesus Christ. 

In other words, Matthew 5 refers to the same spiritual renewal discussed in Romans 6:3-11. The only way for fallen human beings to be righteous is through union with Jesus Christ, a union which takes place through Baptism and Faith. This renewal begins with the grace of Christian Baptism, but in our fallen condition, we need new applications of grace until the end of our earthly pilgrimages. Many aspects of life and experience can be associated with renewal, but notably, it occurs through hearing and reading the Word, participating in the Lord's Supper, and constant prayer. Day by day and week by week, we must continue dying to sin and being "alive unto God through Jesus Christ our Lord" (Romans 6:.11) Only the righteousness that comes through living faith in Jesus Christ truly exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees!

Advent I/St. Andrew the Apostle- Matthew 21

This Sunday, November 30, is both the Feast of St. Andrew and the First Sunday in Advent. Andrew first brought his brother Simon Peter to see Jesus, and they began to follow Him together. Advent I begins a new church year and the season of preparation for Christmas. Since the fourth century, Advent, a word derived from the Latin word "coming," has been a time to emphasize the theme of Christ's coming into the world.

At first glance, the Gospel selection from Matthew 21:1-13, a Palm Sunday reading, may seem strange. Yet, when read at this time of the church year, the account is primarily a reminder of the varied ways that Jesus Christ comes into human lives. Christ, the Messianic King, came into the world long ago. He keeps coming to us through the work of the Holy Spirit in Word, Sacrament, and prayer, and Christ will come again to conclude earthly history on the last day. 

As Matthew 21 shows, Jesus comes humbly and peaceably as our rightful ruler who does not have to prove Himself. Yet, even when He comes in this simple and peaceful way, He automatically brings rebuke and judgment upon human corruption. Such human corruption perverted the purposes of the Jerusalem Temple and still corrupts the Church in this world. So, as our Lord purified the Temple, so also He must purify His Church repeatedly. Both the institution and individual Christians need to be cleansed and renewed. As we begin our Advent preparations for the great Christmas festival, let us also examine our souls. Only through spiritual self-examination, repentance, and renewal in faith can we truly develop an appreciation for the good news that Christ's coming brings.

St. Peter the Apostle- 29 June (Trinity II)- Matthew 16; John 21

 Besides being the Second Sunday after Trinity, this Sunday, June 29, is also set aside to remember and honor the apostle Peter. This commemoration is one of the oldest saints' days on the Christian calendar. In 258 A.D., the Church at Rome set aside this day to honor Saint Peter and Saint Paul. Besides this feast, on medieval calendars, the two saints were honored separately on several different days. At the time of the English Reformation, the Book of Common Prayer reduced the number of saints days. June 29 was kept to honor St. Peter while January 25 commemorated St. Paul.

Throughout the New Testament, we see the importance of Simon Peter. Although he has obvious human weaknesses, he is a leader who often speaks for the whole band of apostles. Such is the case in today's Gospel from St. Matthew 16:13-19. The most important thing about St. Peter is not some personality trait or human accomplishment. He is not an authoritarian human ruler over Christ's Church. Instead, Peter is important because of his witness to the common faith which unites all faithful disciples. The authority that he is granted comes from his confession in St. Matthew 16:16, "Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God." Despite his human failings, misunderstandings, and denial of Jesus during Holy Week, John 21:15-21 shows us Peter's restoration by the risen Lord. His mission to care for Christ's sheep is renewed, and the Apostle dedicates the rest of his life and his death to serving the Lord.

As the collect for the day indicates, Peter was blessed with "many excellent gifts." Nevertheless, he was all too human and fallible. He was a strong character with good leadership potential, but he did not always stand up for his convictions. Ultimately, his most notable characteristic was his willingness to accept divine grace for repentance, renewal, and service. In this, Peter provided an encouraging example for all Christian ministers and believers. So commemorating St. Peter is not just about Peter himself or even about bishops and priests; it is about the faithfulness of the entire Church. The example of the Apostle is a call to all of us. Through divine grace, may we all be faithful followers of Christ, the Son of the living God!

Lent III- Luke 11:24-26

The Gospel for Lent III from St. Luke 11:14-28 is a rich passage, and it refers to several different themes related to spiritual struggle and following Christ.  Today let us look at St. Luke 11:24-26: "When the unclean spirit is gone out of a man, he walketh through dry places, seeking rest; and finding none, he saith, I will return unto my house whence I came out. And when he cometh, he findeth it swept and garnished. Then goeth he, and taketh to him seven other spirits more wicked than himself, and they enter in, and dwell there: and the last state of that man is worse than the first."

 In these words, our Lord issues a warning about half-hearted spiritual renewal. Any person who has a certain evil removed from his life is like a clean house. Such a person has great potential for moral and spiritual growth. There is an opportunity for a new start, an opportunity for filling one's life with all sorts of virtue and goodness. This renewal is a time for inviting the Holy Spirit to dwell within and transform life. However, if a person does not use such a time of renewal in a positive way, there is also the possibility that evil may return with greater force than before. A half-hearted renewal may leave a person in a worse spiritual state than he/she was previously.

 Certainly, these insights apply in great instances of spiritual healing- such as when Christ cast out demons. These insights may be applied in our modern age when a person is trying to recover from some serious moral or spiritual problem. Yet, the same dynamic can also apply to many of the little daily struggles to be better Christians that we all have. Renouncing some evil, even a minor fault, is a good beginning. It is a kind of spiritual house cleaning. But a good beginning is not enough; it also needs positive spiritual follow-up. Our souls must be filled with good things lest the bad return in a worse way.

This teaching is especially applicable during times like Lent. Lent is a season of spiritual house cleaning; it is a time when Christians seek spiritual renewal. During Lent, we emphasize repentance from sins and discipline against bad habits. During this season, many people give up some minor human indulgences, and that can be good.

However, we should not be content to renounce a few things for Lent; we must also take positive steps. During this season, we also need to fill our spiritual houses with positive practices such as Scripture and devotional reading, prayer, and acts of kindness and service. By taking such positive steps, we decrease the likelihood of evil moving back in. So, during this Lent, may God grant us the grace to focus on the well-being of our souls. Let us move beyond basic spiritual house cleaning and seek to keep our hearts, minds, and souls filled with everything good.

 

Lent I- Matthew 4

The Gospel for the First Sunday in Lent is the familiar story of Christ’s great fast and temptation from Mathew 4:1-11. After Jesus’ Baptism, He withdrew to the Judean wilderness. At the close of His days of prayer and fasting, the Tempter sought to catch him in a moment of weakness. Satan used appealing lures. The Tempter’s aims were contrary to Scripture, but he tried to confuse matters by quoting Scripture.

Of course, Jesus of Nazareth rejected the three great temptations of the devil. He knew that no goal or result, no matter how apparently desirable, could justify truly evil means. Jesus chose to live on the earth in the ways His heavenly Father wished regardless of the difficulties and trials.

In certain respects, the Temptation of Christ was unique. He was perfect in His divine and human natures, and He resisted temptation as no one else ever has. Yet, although Christ is unique, His temptations are similar to those of every other human being. So the story of His basic temptations applies to all of us. These temptations are rooted in the basic human needs for sustenance, safety, and human interaction or approval. The problem for us is that the Tempter, the Evil One, uses these natural needs to attempt to draw us away from God and His intentions for human life.

Thus, we must be vigilant and seek greater moral and spiritual strength. We must struggle to remain loyal to divine principles in all areas of life.  Above all, we need to look to the grace and assistance of Jesus Christ each day. Despite our fallen condition, we do have hope because Jesus Christ triumphed over Satan throughout His life on earth and won a victory for the faithful of all times. Although we stumble daily, He helps the faithful to repent, arise, and keep walking with Him by faith.

Observing Lent

The first day of Lent  in western Christianity is always on a Wednesday, 46 days before Easter Sunday. The name Lent is from an Anglo-Saxon word, but the season is older than the word. This season of preparation before the Crucifixion and Resurrection has a long history among Christians. It began in the early church with two basic purposes: 1) instruction and preparation for those about to be baptized, and 2) a time for repentance and renewal for those already baptized. 

Historically, Roman Catholics, Anglicans, Lutherans, and some others have retained the basics of the church calendar, including Lent. This season has been seen as a useful tradition to encourage repentance, voluntary devotion, and preparation for Easter. At the same time, Anglicans have stressed some Christian freedom with regard to human works and traditions. While the Prayer Book provides general rules about observing Lent, Lenten devotions must not become legalistic. Practices such as fasting, alms-giving, Bible studies, or special prayers can help our spiritual growth, but they do not earn righteousness before God. In other words, human traditions about Lent or other devotions can be useful, but in themselves, such practices do not make people virtuous.

Although Christian devotions and disciplines can be good, our attitudes and beliefs are more important. Only Jesus Christ can set us right with God. Lent, like every other observance, is meant to call us to repentance and to faith in Christ.  So any special devotions during this season should point us to the work of Jesus Christ. The real purpose of our Lenten practices is always to recall us to faith in the central truths of the Gospel.

Lent III - Luke 11:24-26

 The Gospel for this Sunday refers to several themes related to Christ’s ministry and the kingdom of God. In the midst of all these themes, there are three verses about spiritual housekeeping that have sometimes been applied to Lent. These verses are Luke 11:24-26. “ When the unclean spirit is gone out of a man, he walketh through dry places, seeking rest; and finding none, he saith, I will return unto my house whence I came out.  And when he cometh, he findeth it swept and garnished. Then goeth he, and taketh to him seven other spirits more wicked than himself; and they enter in, and dwell there: and the last state of that man is worse than the first.”

These verses are a brief parable about moral and spiritual cleansing and healing. In a way, the verses encourage moral and spiritual housekeeping, but they are also a warning about how people pursue such housekeeping. The ways a person cleans up his/her life and what one does afterward can be as important as the cleansing itself.

In this world, many human beings admit that they need to change. Many people know that there are bad or destructive forces and tendencies in their lives. They sense that bad habits, poor attitudes, mistaken loyalties, and various mental and spiritual weaknesses need to be cast out. For many, the approach of  Easter is a reminder to do some spiritual housekeeping. They may stress better moral and spiritual habits. Some may give up certain things. Some Christians emphasize penitential attitudes and a variety of devotions. Such external disciplines can be useful. However, Christians also need to move beyond mere external disciplines- even beyond good disciplines involving certain degrees of self-denial. 

Our spiritual houses must not be left empty. They need to be filled with goodness. As numerous Scriptures remind us, our Lord should abide or dwell within us. In other words, a Christian life must include positive aspects as well as negative ones. We are called to do more than just cleanse our hearts, minds, and souls of evil. We are asked to allow God to dwell or reside within us, and the real purpose of all spiritual housekeeping is to make room for Him. It is to become more open to divine grace and love.

This point is always true. Of course, we could all use more self-discipline and more sincere self-denial, but those things are not sufficient. By God’s grace in Christ, our hearts, minds, and souls can be filled with good things such as faith, hope, and love. Our great need is for God to dwell within us and transform us for worship and service.

Easter I- Shalom- John 20:19-23

The Gospel for the First Sunday after Easter is John 20:19-23. In these few verses,  the risen Christ comes to where the timid and fearful disciples are hiding. He greets them in the common Jewish manner, saying “Peace be with you.”  This greeting is an implied prayer for God’s peace that acquires a special meaning in light of Christ’s resurrection. The greeting is now a blessing from the risen Lord. Jesus is the personification of God’s peace, and He has established a new relationship with the heavenly Father for all who truly believe in Him.

The fearful disciples need to hear these reassuring words, but Jesus does not stop there. Jesus wishes them peace a second time, and this time, He adds something. He gives them a mission. As the heavenly Father has sent Him, likewise Christ sends the apostles and through them, all His Church. Jesus shares His resurrection victory over sin and spiritual death with His disciples. He shares His Good News of peace with God, and He asks His followers to share that spiritual peace with others.

Christians still need to hear and believe this two-fold message of peace with God through the crucified risen Christ. First, despite our failings, Jesus Christ still offers us true, deep, and lasting peace. He brings us renewal, reconciliation, and hope. He simply asks us to accept Him and His message in faith. Secondly, as people who have received such peace from Him, He asks us to share this good news with others who need to receive the same divine blessing. These two points are the perennial message of Easter for us and for all people.

Ash Wednesday and Lent- Matthew 6:19-21

There are many ways to approach Ash Wednesday, Lent, and our time of preparation for Easter. We often focus on the important disciplines of prayer, fasting, and acts of charity. But this week, some familiar words from the Gospel struck me in a new way. In Matthew 6:19-21(ESV), Jesus says, "Do not lay up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy and where thieves break in and steal, but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust destroys and where thieves do not break in and steal. For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also."

These words apply to our lives in many ways. We are generally aware that we Christians should not be overly concerned about earthly treasures. The principle always applies. However, it has particular relevance to us during Lent. This season is a stark reminder to consider where our treasures really are. Lent is about renewing our Christian priorities. So whatever our personal disciplines during this time, let us evaluate our pursuit of heavenly or spiritual treasure. Living by faith in Jesus Christ as our Savior is the greatest treasure!

Trinity XIV- Faith and Action- Galatians 5:16-24 Luke 17: 11-19

In differing ways the Collect for the Fourteenth Sunday after Trinity, the Epistle from Galatians 5:16-24, and the Gospel from St. Luke 17:11-19 all highlight the connection between divine grace and human faith and works. In our corrupted condition, we human beings constantly seem to lose our spiritual and moral balance, We tend to forget that everything in our lives depends on the primacy of God's grace. And in considering the human response to divine grace, we tend to focus exclusively either on faith or on works. 

Living faith in Jesus Christ needs to be our first response to grace. Living faith is both a list of beliefs and an attitude of trust. It is also an openness to letting divine grace work. But although faith is our first response to grace, it does not remain alone. True faith bears fruit. It brings hope and love, and faith, hope, and love are expressed through deeds. We renounce and avoid evil actions, and we pursue good actions. For Christians, this process is never complete as long as we are in this world. We often fail, but we repent, seek further grace, renew our faith, and continue to respond with good works,

Trinity VI- True Righteousness- Matthew 5:20-26; Romans 6:3-11

 For this Sixth Sunday after Trinity, let us begin with the first verse from the Gospel. Matthew 5:20 says, "Jesus said unto his disciples, "Except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven.'" What does this mean? The Pharisees were noted for their pursuit of legal righteousness. How could the disciples of Jesus even dare to hope that their righteousness could exceed that of the Pharisees?

We see the answer in Matthew 5:21-26. In these verses and throughout the Sermon on the Mount, it becomes clear that our Lord is not talking about a mere external legalistic obedience to the commandments of divine Law. While following certain rules helps restrain evil and provides some basic guidance, external obedience is not sufficient. Just following the rules is not enough. Seeking true righteousness involves inner attitudes. It means constant repentance and renewal in faith, hope, and love. Ultimately, true righteousness must come through divine grace poured into our sinful lives through Jesus Christ. 

In other words, Matthew 5 is referring to the same spirituality found in the Epistle for the day from Romans 6:3-11. The only way for fallen human beings to be righteous is through union with Jesus Christ, a union which takes place through Baptism and Faith. Disciples become righteous through dying and rising with Christ. This is symbolized initially in Christian Baptism, but in this fallen world, it must be constantly renewed until the end of our earthly pilgrimages. This renewal can take place in many ways, but notably, it occurs through hearing and reading the Word, participating in the Lord's Supper, and constant prayer. Day by day and week by week, we must continue dying to sin and being "alive unto God through Jesus Christ our Lord" (Romans 6:.11)

First Sunday in Lent

The traditional Epistle and Gospel for the First Sunday in Lent are very different in approach, but both point us to a great irony of the human condition: whenever we try to become closer to God and try to improve our spiritual and moral lives, the greatest temptations arise. The Gospel from St. Matthew 4:1-11 recounts the story of Christ's temptations. He was in the desert fasting, praying and communing with the heavenly Father. He was preparing for His great public ministry. Then the Tempter came and offered the things that turn most people aside: material comfort in the form of food, human praise for impressive deeds and worldly power over other people. Our Lord was strong enough to resist those temptations, but on our own, we are not that strong. Only by depending on God's grace can we even make a good beginning. And even when we do make a good beginning, we are frail creatures who often fall and have to return to His grace for renewal.

The Epistle from II Corinthians 6:1-10 also refers to temptations. St. Paul appeals to the Corinthian Christians "receive not the grace of God in vain"(6:1). Any moment of a believer's life can be a moment of decision and dedication: "behold, now is the day of salvation" (6:2). Addressing Christians who have lost some of their initial enthusiasm for doing good, the Apostle points to various earthly trials and temptations. He stresses the irony that even in the midst of suffering, trials and weakness, Christians can rejoice and be rich in spiritual matters.

Lent is a time of preparation when we dedicate ourselves anew to follow Christ. Hopefully, we begin this season with enthusiasm and a strong sense of purpose. We intend to be more devoted in a variety of ways. As we do this, however, we must also beware of temptation. The more we try to draw near to God in Christ, the more the tempter tries to dissuade us. Little and big temptations keep coming up in our lives. On our own, we are not even strong enough to have six good spiritual weeks in Lent. We are always dependent upon Christ who has already triumphed over temptation for us. So let us turn to Him in loving faith again and again while striving to be more disciplined in our pursuit of goodness.