In the Anglican tradition since 1549 (and even before 1549 in common practice), there have been two daily orders of prayer, Morning Prayer and Evening Prayer. These two offices have usually been expected of the clergy and encouraged for the laity. In some form, Morning and Evening Prayer have been the mainstays of Anglican devotion or spirituality. However, there are circumstances where reading or saying the complete offices is not possible. Factors such as work, health, travel, emergencies, or the availability of Bibles, Prayer Books, or electronic devices my limit our options.
Thus, like many devout believers throughout Scripture and Christian tradition, we may need simpler practices that are the biblical origins for the Daily Office. One Scriptural example is the Jewish use of the Shema, "Hear O Israel," from Deuteronomy 6 as a creedal prayer. This prayer was repeated at various times, especially at bedtime and rising (Dt. 6:7). In all likelihood, it was included in the prayers that Daniel and other pious Judeans would have offered three times a day (Daniel 6:10,13). By New Testament times, more elaborate patterns of prayer in the morning, around midday, and in the evening seem to have been developing among the rabbis. Perhaps, a simple version of these practices is what the Gospels have in mind when the disciples ask Jesus to teach them to pray (Matthew 6: 5-15; Luke 11:2-4). A reference to common Christian prayer practices is also recorded in Acts 2:42.
Near the end of the first century, the Didache enjoins saying the Lord's Prayer three times a day (ch. 8). Although some details of practice are murky, it seems to have remained common for Christians of many types to pray three times a day, especially in the morning and in the evening. There are examples in the Eastern Church, and in the medieval Western Church, a basic pattern developed in both Latin and vernacular languages. This pattern usually included an invocation of the Trinity, the Apostles' Creed, the Our Father, the Gloria Patri, and perhaps a prayer related to the time of day.
At the time of the Reformation, Martin Luther continued traditional patterns of prayer and included basic memorizable forms for morning and evening in his Small Catechism. Similar practices developed in 17th and 18th-century England, and American Books of Common Prayer since 1789 have included forms of family prayer. These prayers are beautiful but sometimes wordy for everyday use or memorization; so the 1928 American BCP developed shorter forms consisting of the Lord's Prayer, a collect or short prayer suitable for the time of day, and the option to add other prayers and Scripture. After the Tractarian movement in 19th century, there were devotional books which suggested similar patterns (a 20th century Anglican example is the St. Augustine's Prayer Book).
When unable to say the full Daily Office forms, I have found this basic mental outline useful.
1. Begin "In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost."
2. Perhaps say a verse of Scripture from memory.
3. Pray the Apostles' Creed or the Nicene Creed from memory.
4. Pray the Lord's Prayer.
5. Pray a memorized or extemporaneous prayer appropriate for the time of day.
6. Add notable personal prayer concerns.
7. Conclude with the Grace (II Cor. 13:14) or another prayer for blessing.
This simple pattern is consistent with Scripture and Christian devotional tradition and with the basic content of the Prayer Book Daily Offices. Whatever our situations or access to Bibles, Prayer Books, or devotional manuals, we can and pray early and late each day. We should also include some items from Scripture and Christian tradition along with our personal words or thoughts. We are always praying as members of Christ's Church.
