Epiphany II- Mark 1:1-11

 For some reason, the Sarum rite and historic English Books of Common Prayer omitted the Baptism of our Lord from the communion lectionary. The 1928 American BCP reintroduced this ancient Epiphany theme and inserted it for the Second Sunday after the Epiphany (Mark 1:1-11).  Jesus came to be baptized by John in order to fulfill all righteousness. He was personally sinless, but our incarnate Lord identified with the human need for spiritual cleansing. In His human nature, He also received a special outpouring of the Holy Spirit as He began His public ministry. Finally, the heavenly voice proclaimed Jesus to be the Son of God. Christ's Baptism manifests the Holy Trinity. 

This event in Jesus' life is a unique manifestation or epiphany of the divine glory in Christ. It reveals who He is,  and it anticipates His whole public ministry and work for human salvation. He is the Son of God who brings redemption to sinful humanity.

Epiphany I- Luke 2:52

 One of the liturgical/lectionary idiosyncrasies of traditional Anglicanism is evident on the First Sunday after Epiphany. On this Sunday, many calendars and lectionaries, ancient and modern, commemorate the manifestation of Christ at His Baptism. However, Books of Common Prayer from 1549 through 1928 and 1962 focus on the visit of the Holy Family, including twelve-year-old Jesus, to the Temple. The 1928 American BCP provides for the Baptism on Epiphany II, and the 1962 Canadian BCP provides for the Baptism with optional propers to be used on Epiphany or later.

The epiphany or manifestation of the youthful Jesus in St. Luke 2:41-52 shows forth both His true humanity and His divine Sonship. The reality of His human development is summarized in Luke 2:52, "And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favour with God and man."

Throughout His life on earth, our Lord Jesus Christ was both unique and ordinary. He sensed His unique relationship with God the heavenly Father, and He knew that He was called to live as a real but perfect human being. Unlike fallen humans, He always put the Father first. He grew and developed without sin. Although we are sinners who repeatedly fall short of Christ's perfection, His example should elicit our humble and faithful response. As Christians, we affirm the unique manifestation of God in Christ while we also seek the grace to follow Him and grow in wisdom and holiness. 

Epiphany- 6 January- Matthew 2

 Epiphany on January 6 is probably the oldest Christian feast besides Easter and Pentecost. In the early Greek-speaking Church, the day was about several of Christ's manifestations- His birth, His Baptism, and the beginning of His public ministry. Later, especially in the Latin churches, the day of Epiphany itself became associated with the coming of the Magi. In modern times, although Epiphany remains on church calendars, it is often neglected. For many Christians, even many Anglicans, it is anticipated, postponed, or ignored. In many cases, all that remains of the traditional observance may be wise men in a pre-Christmas children's December pageant, a carol, or a reading from Matthew 2 in a service of lessons.

However, Epiphany deserves our attention because it embodies significant Christian themes. The Wise Men or Magi represent the coming of the Gentiles or nations to Christ. Their natural human search for wisdom led them to respond to God's sign in nature and follow the star. Yet, before they could complete their journey, they also needed the guidance of Holy Scripture. Finally, they came to the Holy Child, and they did what every person should do. They fell down in adoration or worship, and they offered Him precious gifts.

At Epiphany, let us still seek Christ and follow the guidance of Scripture. Let us worship Him and offer Him our best gifts. Now that the worldly Yule and New Year have passed, Epiphany is an opportunity for Christians to pursue quieter and deeper devotion. So let us reflect on the coming of our Savior to save all nations!

Christmas II- Matthew 2: 19-23

This year, there is a Second Sunday after Christmas, a Sunday that does not occur every year and lacks a notable liturgical identity. Many service books, including some Books of Common Prayer, do not provide propers for the day, but the 1928 BCP does contain a collect and lessons. The Gospel from Matthew 2:19-23 refers to the sojourn of the Holy Family in Egypt and their return to the Holy Land, to Nazareth. 

It has been observed that here we see the Holy Family, and the Christ Child in particular, reliving the history of Israel. In re-reading this account, I was struck by the association of the names of the Holy Family with the Exodus. Saint Joseph bears the name of the patriarch who provided for the survival of Israel. The Virgin Mary's name is derived from the name of Miriam, the sister of Moses and Aaron, a prophetess. And of course, the name Jesus is a version of Joshua, the assistant and successor of Moses. His name means "the Lord saves."

So, the journey of the Holy Family and their names allude to a great new divine act of redemption. Christ's Birth, early life, ministry, death, and resurrection are parts of the same story. The Lord God saved and freed His people in Egypt, during the Exodus, and in their return to the Promised Land.  Through Jesus, who is the Christ, God is doing something that is both similar and much greater. The Incarnation is rooted in Israel's past, but it transcends that past. Jesus is the one who embodies eternal salvation. The true joy of Christmas is based on God's redemptive work in Jesus!

The Circumcision and Holy Name of our Lord- 1 January- Luke 2:21

 On the traditional church calendar, the first day of January is not observed as New Year's Day. In fact, for much of church history, even the secular or civil new year was not observed in January. When the early Books of Common Prayer were published, the civil new year was still observed on 25 March (and continued this way until the new British calendar in 1752). On the church calendar, January 1 is the eighth day of Christmas (the liturgical Octave), and this day recalls the circumcision and naming of the Holy Child in accord with Jewish tradition.

One finds an emphasis on the name in the traditional Gospel assigned on this day. Luke 2:21 states that at the circumcision, the child "was called Jesus, which was so named of the angel before he was conceived in the womb."  Jesus (Greek IESOU, Aramaic YESHUA) was a common Jewish name of the time, meaning "The LORD saves." In the case of this child, the common name has a special significance. This child born in Bethlehem is the divine Word incarnate who has come to save His people. Thus, the most appropriate way for us to begin a new year is to praise the holy name of Jesus and give thanks for the salvation that has come in the Christ Child!

St. Sylvester- 31 December

 Since ancient times, Christians have been uncertain about how to approach the pagan New Year's Eve from the Roman calendar. One response was to designate the last day of December as the feast of St. Sylvester. In Germany, this was sometimes a big celebration. Among Anglicans, it has been a minor commemoration, listed as a "black letter day" in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer. 

Sylvester was Bishop of Rome from 314 to 335 A.D. He became Bishop right after the Emperor Constantine issued his Edict of Toleration for Christianity, and Sylvester served during a time of great change for the Church. He sent legates or representatives to the Council of Nicea in what is now Turkey in 325. Of course, this council, which became known as the First Ecumenical Council, defended the reality of the Incarnation against the Arian Heresy. The response became known as the Nicene Creed. 

Many later legends about Sylvester are doubtful, but the verified facts indicate that Sylvester was a faithful bishop who strove to defend the orthodox Faith.  His faithfulness remains an example for Christians across the centuries. So, as we Christians mark the change in the secular calendar, let us be cautious and reflective. We may give thanks for the old year and toast the opportunities of the new, but we must look beyond such matters and focus on the divine light and truth incarnate in Jesus Christ. In the words of John 1:4-5,  "In [Jesus Christ] was life; and the life was the light of men. And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not."

Holy Innocents Day- 28 December- Matthew 2

 This year the First Sunday after Christmas is also Holy Innocents Day. St. Matthew 2 tells us about the cruel act of King Herod I. Hoping to eliminate the threat of the Messiah to his dynasty, the king ordered the execution of male children in Bethlehem under two years of age. This reminds us that even at the time near Christ's Birth, evil, sin, and death were still at work. The Christ Child was feared and hated, and His innocent contemporaries were killed. The world is still much the same. The holy child is still not universally welcomed, and evil people still destroy the innocent to preserve power, wealth, and comfort.

Despite such evil, God's work continues. Herod did not succeed in destroying the incarnation of God's truth, love, and grace. In our day, there are similar realities. Evil still causes much suffering, even of the most innocent. However, God's redeeming work is not defeated. Truth, love, and grace continue and will continue to the end of the age and beyond! God's goodness triumphs over evil!

St. John, Apostle and Evangelist- 27 December

In the early centuries of the Church, the days after Christmas became associated with various important figures and events. By at least the sixth century in France and Italy, December 27 commemorated St. John the Apostle and Evangelist. The collect for the day has been handed down with only slight changes since that time. It reads:

Merciful Lord, we beseech thee to cast thy bright beams of light upon thy Church, that it, being illumined by the doctrine of thy blessed Apostle and Evangelist Saint John, may so walk in the light of thy truth, that it may at length attain to life everlasting; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

Commemorating John in Christmastide is appropriate because his Gospel, especially in chapter 1, proclaims the mystery of the Incarnation, the Word becoming flesh and dwelling among us. Jesus Christ is the light that shines in a dark world and is not overcome by the darkness!

St. Stephen, Deacon and Martyr- 26 December- Acts 7:55ff

The day after Christmas is the feast day of St. Stephen, the first martyr of the Church (Acts 7). Commemorating a martyr on this day may seem strange, but since the early days of the church calendar in the fourth century, the feast of the Nativity and that of St. Stephen have been bound together. Whatever the ancient reason for the date, this combination can teach us something important. As God's Son was born in humility, His humble servant Stephen had his heavenly birthday. Even celebrating the birth of Jesus, our Redeemer, cannot be isolated from the Cross. There is Christmas joy, but this joy is not worldly. Our joy is rooted in what C.S. Lewis calls the "deep magic"- salvation through loving sacrifice. We rejoice in faith and love because the divine work of redemption for us sinners is expressed in varied situations.

Christmas 2025

The Christian tradition is marked by two great periods based on events in the life of Jesus. The central commemorations are related to the redemptive acts at Holy Week and Easter; the second period centers on Christmas. Christmas and Holy Week/Easter Sunday bring the same Gospel message in different ways.

The church calendar associates many meaningful and beautiful passages of Scripture with the birth of Jesus, the eternal Son of God, who came to earth as a human infant. There are numerous Old Testament prophecies from Isaiah, Jeremiah, and others. There are epistle readings such as Hebrews 1, Titus 2, and Galatians 4. And of course, there are the Gospel accounts from Matthew, Luke, and John. Each of these Gospels has its own beauty and deep significance. One can say that Matthew 1& 2 focus on Joseph's perspective, that Luke 1& 2 reflect the point of view of the Virgin Mary, and that John 1 emphasizes the timeless theological meaning. 

All these Scriptures complement one another and provide believers with a broad vista for meditating on the meaning of Christ's Birth. They help us move beyond the beautiful but simplistic imagery of a childhood pageant, and they provide deep nourishment for heart, mind, and soul. They teach us the truth that Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, "came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary, and was made man" for us and for our salvation (Nicene Creed). In other words, Scripture teaches us that Christmas is about more than a family festival or the birth of a great man; it is about our eternal salvation. That spiritual reality is where we need to put our emphasis, not merely for a few moments on Christmas Eve or Christmas morning, but for twelve days and more!

Alleluia. Unto us a child is born; * O come, let us adore him. Alleluia. (Christmas Antiphon for Morning Prayer, 1928 Book of Common Prayer.)

St. Thomas the Apostle

The traditional feast of St. Thomas the Apostle is on December 21, but because the 21st is the Fourth Sunday in Advent  this year, many transfer the commemoration to Monday, December 22. We tend to associate St. Thomas with the Resurrection since he confessed his faith in the risen Christ on the Sunday after Easter. Nevertheless, it is also fitting to remember Thomas before Christmas since he was a great witness to Christ's Incarnation. After doubting the Resurrection, in St. John 20:28, Thomas affirmed his faith in Jesus the Christ as "my Lord and my God." Thus, Thomas proclaimed the great truth that the man Jesus is divine. As Advent draws toward a close, let us focus on such faith in Jesus Christ, God the Son, who came to earth as a human babe.

Advent IV- Philippians 4; John 1:19-28

On this Fourth Sunday in Advent, the Epistle from Philippians 4:4-7 has a lighter tone. It exhorts us to rejoice, and it reminds us that "the Lord is at hand." Despite the serious human condition and its sinfulness, there is a true reason for joy and hope. Our joy and hope come from the peace that God offers through Jesus Christ.

The Gospel from St. John 1:19-28, like the one for last Sunday, is another Advent reference to the message of John the Baptist. When asked who he is, John refuses the usual titles. He will only admit to being "the voice of one crying in the wilderness" (John 1:23; Isaiah 40:3). He makes the way ready for the Lord; he points to the One coming after him, the One who is much greater. 

John the Baptist reminds us that the way for the Messiah or Christ must be prepared. Because the One who is to come is so great and so holy, we must take His coming into our lives very seriously. Our preparations for Him should be greater than our preparations for any ordinary human guest.

Preparation is necessary, especially in spiritual matters. Thus, a genuine appreciation of Christmas requires thoughtful reflection. A religious Christmas does not happen by accident. Spiritual preparation is usually needed for a meaningful celebration of Christ's birth. We need to reflect and pray about the redemption He brings. And we should also remember that Christ continues to come to us. He comes to us each day and each week in Word and in Sacrament. He offers us His grace, mercy, and peace.

Advent Ember Days

 On traditional calendars of the Western church, including traditional Books of Common Prayer, the Wednesday, Friday and Saturday after St. Lucy's Day are Ember Days (see 1928 BCP p. li; 1662 BCP p. 31). St. Lucy (or Santa Lucia) was an early martyr. She was from Syracuse, Sicily and is commemorated on December 13. On the Ember Day four times a year, we are asked to pray for those about to be ordained as well as for an increase of the Ministry and for guidance upon those who already serve the Church in various callings. There is a set of propers for the Ember days in the 1928 BCP (p. 260), and there are selections for Morning and Evening Prayer in the 1943 lectionary for the third week of Advent. The Gospel for Advent III is about the ministry of John the Baptist and is also related to the Ember Day theme.

During the Advent season, we think of the ways all are believers called to prepare the way for the Lord. We pray for those already ordained and those soon to be ordained. May all of us, whether ordained and lay, seek to prepare the way as Christ comes into our hearts anew! May we be faithful witnesses to His living presence, and may we also prepare for our Lord's future coming in glory!

Advent III- Matthew 11:2-15

 The Gospel for the Third Sunday in Advent is from Matthew 11:2-15. In this selection, John the Baptist is in prison awaiting Herod Antipas' judgment. John sends two of his followers to meet Jesus. They ask if Jesus is the expected Messiah. 

Jesus replies to them with a two-fold proclamation. First, He points to the miraculous and redemptive acts taking place in His own ministry. These works fulfill the Messianic prophecies. Secondly, Jesus points to the purpose and value of John the Baptist's ministry. John is the prophetic forerunner of the messianic Redeemer. Finally, Jesus concludes with an exhortation. Those who have ears should hear; that means that they should be perceptive about the contemporary religious circumstances. They should realize what God is doing in the ministry of John the Baptist and in the ministry of Jesus. Jesus is the Christ who fulfills the ministry of John and all the biblical prophets. 

During Advent, we focus on the prophecies about the coming of the Christ. Among the Hebrew prophets, John the Baptist has a special role. We should honor him, but we should also look beyond him. We should look to Jesus, who gives meaning to the work of all the prophets. May we be sensitive and perceptive regarding God's redemptive work in the past and in our own lives!

Advent II- Romans 15:4; Luke 21:33- Scripture

In the Anglican tradition, the Second Sunday in Advent highlights the importance of Holy Scripture. We see this importance in two verses in the Scriptures for the day. Romans 15:4 says, "For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope." In St. Luke 21:33, Jesus says, "Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away." 

In theory, all Christian groups maintain that the Bible is a foundational Christian authority, but Christians from varied backgrounds view this authority in distinctive ways. Traditional Anglicans do not read or understand Holy Scripture in isolation. The Bible is our primary doctrinal and moral authority, and it contains God's self-revelation for all generations of Christians.  However, Anglicans believe that Scripture should be understood within the community of faith, the Church. Thoughtful believers from different times and backgrounds have agreed on the basics, and they have summarized Scriptural beliefs in the ancient Creeds (Apostles, Nicene, Athanasian). In the sixteenth century, Anglicans called these biblical principles "things necessary to salvation" (Article of Religion VI).

The basic and necessary teachings of the Bible are clear and are expressed in the Creeds, the Commandments, the Lord's Prayer, and the two greatest Sacraments (Baptism and the Eucharist). Such Scriptural teachings are good and powerful. Yet, these Biblical teachings are not magical formulae. We cannot separate Scripture from the core historic interpretations of Christ's catholic and orthodox Church. A true understanding and application of Scripture is not an isolated individual experience; it comes through divine grace and the working of the Holy Spirit in the body of believers from all times and places. 

During Advent, we think about the coming of Christ, the incarnate Word. As we reflect, let us also meditate on the written Word in Holy Scripture. May we be open to reading, hearing, and learning from God's Word in the Bible throughout Advent and all the days of our lives!