Easter III- John 16:22

The Gospel for this Third Sunday after Easter is from John 16:16-22. This is one of several selections during Eastertide from the “Farewell Discourses” where Jesus gives some final instructions to His followers before the crucifixion. In all likelihood, He may have repeated similar instructions during His forty days with them after Easter.

A key verse in the passage is John 16: 22: “ And ye now therefore have sorrow: but I will see you again, and your heart shall rejoice, and your joy no man taketh from you.” Joy is a major of Easter and the following season, but we are tempted to ignore its great importance. The joy of Christ's living presence should remain in our hearts and minds. 

Jesus Christ rises from the dead. He wins an eternal victory over Satan, sin, and death, and He offers us true joy. This joy of Christ goes beyond passing earthly happiness. Christian joy is a spiritual gift. It transforms the sorrows of this world. It comes from the grace of God embodied in Jesus Christ. As believers, we still have both sorrows and joys, but there is one joy that surpasses our earthly circumstances. We still have bad times in this life, but the joy of Christ can remain through our worldly sorrows. Since this joy comes from our Lord, no one can take it from us. We can forget it or ignore it, but the gift is still there. So in faith, we should reclaim joy if it fades and abide in it. This is the great joy of knowing that the presence of the risen Christ is with us, in this world and the next!

Easter II- I Peter 2; John 10

 The Epistle for the Second Sunday after Easter is from 1 Peter 2:19- 25. At first glance, this passage is a moral exhortation that does not say a lot about resurrection, but if we look at the context, it is related to what the Apostle says in 1 Peter 1:3-4. There the Apostle refers to Christ's Resurrection as the basis for faith, hope, and Christian living.

Thus, our passage in 1 Peter 2 is based on faith in the risen Lord Jesus. Peter is not merely giving some practical advice about a moral life. He is teaching that those who believe in Christ's Resurrection should live in accord with what they profess. The problems that believers undergo in this world should point us to Christ's innocent sufferings. He is the Suffering Servant who has triumphed over pain and death. Jesus Christ has risen from the dead, and He offers us new life. He is the shepherd and overseer of our souls, and He calls us to live in ways that reflect our faith in Him.

So as Jesus teaches us in John 10, He is truly the Good Shepherd. He has walked through the valley of the shadow of death for us and risen to life. He has cared for us as sheep in His flock, and He continues to guide and protect us. Although there are real dangers and threats to our physical and spiritual well-being, nothing should destroy our Christian hope. Our Good Shepherd has overcome our greatest dangers, and He is still leading us and providing for us. 

Easter Day, the Feast of the Resurrection- Colossians 3; John 20

He is risen! The Lord is risen indeed! (Mark 16:6; Luke 24:34) With these scriptural words or similar phrases, Christians have greeted one another for almost two thousand years. The greatest Christian celebration has finally arrived. The primary Gospel in the Book of Common Prayer is St. John 20:1- 10. This passage makes clear how surprising and important Christ's Resurrection was to the first disciples. Believing in the empty tomb and bodily resurrection of Jesus are essential affirmations for being a faithful Christian disciple. 

The Epistle from Colossians 3. 1-4 applies the reality of Christ's Resurrection. If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are above, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God. Set your affection on things above, not on things on the earth. For ye are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God. When Christ, who is our life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with him in glory. 

In these words, St. Paul applies the meaning of the historical reality of the Resurrection to the lives of believers. First, Christians have been incorporated into Christ's Resurrection. This has taken place through Baptism and faith; believers have died to their old sinful ways and risen to new life in the Lord. (as explained by the Apostle in Romans 6). Secondly, being raised with Christ means that Christians seek "those things which are above." Believers are to look heavenward because Christ is now at the Father's right hand. As a result, Christians do not set their affection on earthly things. We live in a new and different way because we believe that Christ will return to lead His followers into glorious realms. 

So Easter, the Feast of the Resurrection, is multi-dimensional for those who have faith in Jesus Christ. Yes, there is a unique and glorious event at the basis of the church's celebration. Jesus of Nazareth conquered death and arose to life in bodily form. He showed us His true nature as the divine Savior. He could not be destroyed by the powers of death and evil. And because He lives, He can offer us new and eternal life with Him!

Easter Even or Holy Saturday- Matthew 27:57-66; I Peter 3:17-22

 Traditional Books of Common Prayer call this day "Easter Even," while more recent liturgies use the name Holy Saturday. In either case, it is a very low-key day liturgically. There is no celebration of the Eucharist during this day. [Any Easter Vigil Eucharist is technically for Easter Day and should be after sundown].  Nevertheless, although subdued, this is an important day that should not be ignored.

The Scriptures for the day emphasize the reality of Christ's death and His Sabbath in the tomb, and they call believers to quiet reflection. The Gospel from Matthew 27 begins late Friday with the burial of Jesus, and it shows both the private mourning of Christ's followers and the continued plotting of His enemies. The Epistle from I Peter 3:17-22 speaks of the reality of Jesus' physical death as well as His spiritual survival. Even in death, our Lord continues to minister. He preaches to the dead. I Peter 3:19 (and also possibly Ephesians 4: 9-10) form the basis of the article in the Apostles' Creed, "He descended into hell." In other words, Jesus really spent time among the dead.

So as we look back to the Cross and anticipate the Resurrection, we should not neglect the time between. Except for sin, Jesus of Nazareth fully identified with the human experience. He really died and experienced the separation of body and spirit. That fact indicates the drastic importance of His Resurrection. It is truly powerful and transformative. His time among the dead also means that His Resurrection is more meaningful and hope-filled for us human mortals!

Good Friday- The Passion according to St. John

Good Friday is one of the most important and solemn observances of the Christian year. Christians have developed a variety of devotions appropriate for the day. One of my favorites is a timeline previously posted on this blog. Some timelines draw together the different Passion accounts, but several years ago, I developed the following one based on St. John chapters 18 and 19 which are used in the traditional readings for the day. This timeline along with traditional prayers has served as a good basis for reflection.

Friday morning just after midnight - Confrontation in Garden and Jesus' Arrest (John 18:1-12)

Friday early morning hours– Jesus is taken to the house of Annas, former High Priest; Peter's first denial; Jesus receives initial physical abuse (John 18:13-23);

Jesus sent to the High Priest Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin Court –Peter's second and third denials; Jesus bloodied by abuse (John 18:24-27).

Friday 6:00 a.m.-8:30 a.m. - Hearing before the Roman governor Pilate; Pilate tries to release Jesus but the Judean mob objects and prefers the release of Barabas (John 18:28-40).

Pilate has Jesus beaten.- Pilate's Roman soldiers take Jesus into the court ("Praetorium") and engage in mockery and torture, including a brutal crown of thorns (John 19:1-3).

Pilate hesitates but the mob still cries out against Jesus (John 19:4-15).

Friday 9:00 a.m.-12:00 noon - Pilate hands Jesus over for crucifixion. Weakened by interrogations, sleep deprivation, and beatings, Jesus is forced to carry his own cross to the place of execution; then He is crucified under the charge of being "King of the Jews" (John 19:16-22).

The soldiers cast lots for His garments (John 19:23-24).

Friday 12:00 noon - 3:00 p.m. - Jesus continues to suffer on the cross. His mother, other women followers, and one male disciple (usually identified as John) remain with Him. Jesus commends His mother into the disciple's care (John 19:25-29).

Friday 3:00 p.m. - Death: Jesus says, "It is finished" and expires. The soldiers do not even bother to break His legs, but one pierces His side with a spear (John 19:30-37).

Friday before sunset - Burial: With the Sabbath approaching, Joseph of Arimethea and Nicodemus make arrangements for a quick but respectful burial in a nearby rock tomb (John 19:38-42)

Thursday before Easter, commonly called Maundy Thursday- I Cor. 11:23-26

 One reading for this day is I Corinthians 11:23 ff which is St. Paul's account of the Lord's Supper. Although Anglicans have sometimes had differing theological opinions about the Sacrament, we have been clear that this Sacrament instituted by our Lord is more than simply an act of remembrance. Jesus is the Lamb of God who takes away sin and death by offering Himself on the cross. Anglicans and most other Christians have agreed that in some mysterious and unique way, Jesus comes to be with us along with the consecrated bread and the wine.

The proper minister or celebrant uses Christ's Words of Institution to bless the bread and the wine and assures believers of Christ's living presence. Jesus brings us His forgiving and strengthening grace through the outward means that He established. We are tangibly offered grace whenever we observe the Lord's Supper/Holy Communion/Eucharist. We are called to repent and receive the Sacrament in faith and in reverence.

Hopefully, we can enjoy this great gift as we commemorate its institution on this Thursday of Holy Week. Unfortunately,, external circumstances or schedules make it impossible for some to gather and receive the Sacrament on this day. Yet, we can still meditate upon the Scriptural accounts and contemplate the Lord's Supper. Looking to past and future observances of the Sacrament, we can still pray for Christ to come and be with us wherever we are. Thanks be to God for Christ's special Presence in the Lord's Supper and for His spiritual communion with believers scattered throughout the world!

Holy Week Readings

 Whether in common prayer or private devotions, the basis for a good Week before Easter, generally called Holy Week, is reading and reflecting on Holy Scripture. Traditional Books of Common Prayer provide daily Epistles and readings from the Passion Gospels. The readings for the Daily Office from the 1943 lectionary in the 1928 BCP focus on the Gospel of John, chapters 14-19.  For easy reference, here is a list for Morning and Evening Prayer.

MORNING-

Mon. before Easter                Ps, 71    Isa. 42:1–7 John 14:1–14

Tues. before Easter                Ps. 6, 12   Hosea 14 John 15:1–16

Wed. before Easter                Ps. 94     Zech. 12:9-10 & 13:1, 7–9  John 16:1–15

Maundy Thursday                  Ps. 116   Jer. 31:31–34 John 13:18

GOOD FRIDAY                    Pss. 22, 40:1–16, 54   Gen. 22:1–18 or Wisdom 2:1, 12–24  John 18

Easter Even                            Pss. 14, 16    Job 14:1–14 John 19:38 or Heb. 4

EVENING- 

Mon. before Easter                Pss. 42, 43        Lam. 1:7–12 John 14:15

Tues. before Easter                Ps. 51      Lam. 2:10, 13–19 John 15:17

Wed. before Easter                Ps. 74    Lam. 3:1, 14–33 John 16:16

Maundy Thursday                 Pss. 142, 143   Lam. 3:40-58 John 17

GOOD FRIDAY                    Pss. 69:1–22 & 88     Isa. 52:13–53:12   1 Pet. 2:11

Easter Even                            Ps. 27       Job 19:21–27a     Rom. 6:3–11

Sunday next before Easter, commonly called Palm Sunday- Phil. 2

Many people know this Sunday as Palm Sunday from the Gospel accounts of Jesus entering Jerusalem on this day.  Many also expect the long account of Christ's Passion from Matthew 27. Although the events are distinctive, these two readings from the Gospel tell us what happened this week. Jesus our Lord was glorified and then rejected and horribly killed.  As human beings, we may have some difficulty keeping these two aspects of Holy Week together in our thoughts.  Yet, they belong together, and in the Epistle from Philippians 2, the Apostle Paul ties the themes together in a beautiful way. 

Philippians 2: 5 -11 reads: Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus: who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: but made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: and being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross. Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name: that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth; and that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.

This passage from Philippians may be an early Christian creedal hymn, and the words can be applied to many commemorations of the Christian faith. As we look at them on Palm Sunday, the words are very appropriate at the beginning of Holy Week. Their devotional significance is to draw us closer to the "mind" or attitude of Christ (2:5). The divine and unique Son of God deserves praise as the King of Israel and the King of all creation. Yet, He comes in humility in order to redeem human beings.

We see this humble acceptance of the human condition at His birth and throughout His earthly ministry, but it culminates in Holy Week and Good Friday: "He humbled Himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross" (2:8). These words summarize the details of the Passion Gospels. Christ voluntarily humbled Himself. The divine Son became the servant so that He could accomplish the ultimate obedience to holy principles, obedience unto death which had no rightful dominion over Him. Furthermore, the death He accepted was not just any death but death upon the cross. He accepted crucifixion, one of the most degrading and horrifying means of torture and execution devised by cruel men.

The Cross of Christ should always be at the center of Christian preaching, doctrine, and devotion. It is at the heart of Christ's earthly ministry, and it is a basic element in understanding the profound meaning of divine love. Nevertheless, as central as the Cross is to our Christian faith and life, the words of Philippians 2:9-11 also teach us that believers should look beyond the Cross. The Cross is necessary and central to our faith, but Jesus Christ transforms the Cross. He suffers as a human being, but He is also God the Son who cannot be conquered in the end. His perfect obedience and sacrifice are accepted, and He is exalted. He receives "a name which is above every name."

This means that as believers, we see a deeper reality. The way of the Cross is the path toward Resurrection and true Life. So like our Lord, we walk the way of the Cross both figuratively and in the real trials of human existence because we trust that God uses the Cross for our redemption and true life.

Lent V- John 8:58

On some traditional Western liturgical calendars (including the 1928 BCP), the Fifth Sunday in Lent has been called Passion Sunday. The original meaning of the word passion is suffering, and we know that there are many aspects of Christ’s suffering.  There had been social, political, and religious opposition to Jesus since early in His ministry. Nevertheless, as His ministry approaches the end, the conflicts intensify. Something about Him makes His opponents even more determined to destroy Him.

Today’s Gospel from John 8 reflects this deeper conflict. The central issue is Jesus' identity and His character. He makes claims that some of His opponents find outrageous. He crosses the boundaries of acceptable eccentricity. Some of His sayings even frighten potential sympathizers. In  John 8, Christ implies that no one can convict Him of sin. He says that He can conquer death, and He implies that He is greater than the patriarch Abraham. Even more bluntly He says, “Before Abraham was, I am” (Jn. 8:58). In the Jewish context of Exodus 3:14, “I am” is a title for God that Jesus alludes to several times in John's Gospel. So Jesus implies that He shares the divine nature, and His listeners sense His claim.

This claim to share the divine nature is earth-shattering for first-century Jews. Christ’s Judean listeners confront a clear and radical choice regarding His identity. They can no longer ignore Jesus as a simple religious teacher from the backwoods of Galilee. This choice is what C.S. Lewis calls “the Shocking Alternative.” Either Jesus is telling the truth about His relationship with God the Father or He is a liar. There are three possibilities. Either Jesus shares the divine nature, or He is dangerously crazy, or He is a blasphemer who despises all that was sacred. Many of His hearers made a choice. They decided that He was guilty of blasphemy, the worst of sins. And given their assumptions, they felt bound to seek His death.

Most people in our time, whether Christian or non-Christian, fail to recognize the radical choice that Jesus Christ demands. Many contemporaries merely view religion as an expression of ethics. And they just think of Jesus as a nice guy who did some good deeds. So people in our time fail to see what He means.

However, Jesus knows what He is saying, and so do many of His opponents. Jesus asks for a radical choice- accept Him or reject Him: lukewarm admiration is not a real option. The biblical message still confronts each of us with the same choice. Jesus Christ asks us to have faith in Him as our divine Savior. The central point is whether people believe Christ’s claims.  If Jesus is who He says He is, then we are talking about the most basic human choice- to accept or reject God Himself. Every human soul that hears Jesus' claims must choose. We need to be in prayerful contemplation. We need to ask ourselves whether we have accepted Jesus in sincere faith. And if by grace we do have faith in Jesus Christ, we need to repent of our shortcomings each day and seek to grow in grace.

 

Lent IV- Galatians 4; John 6

The Collect for Lent IV, the Epistle from Galatians 4:21-31, and the Gospel from John 6:1-13 all provide contrasts between the natural human condition and the human condition under divine grace. The Collect prays for grace and comfort despite our evil. Galatians 4 notes the difference between two covenants. This is the distinction between being children of bondage with legalistic considerations and being children of the divine promise, born anew to freedom through the Holy Spirit. The Gospel from John 6 is the familiar miracle of Jesus feeding the 5000. On the literal level, the miracle shows how Jesus uses His power to care for the hunger of those who have come to hear Him teach. However, especially in John's Gospel, such physical miracles point beyond themselves and are also signs of spiritual truths. As the context in John indicates, Jesus can also feed higher and deeper human hunger with His words and with Himself.

Thus, the theme of this Sunday can be summarized as a contrast between the fallen human condition in the world and the redeeming power of God's grace. This theme is always important for people to hear and keep in mind, but it has a special relevance to those who are observing Lent. As Christians prepare to appreciate Easter, the Church historically emphasizes good disciplined behavior. Every human being needs to hear that emphasis. We need to be reminded of God's Law and our needs, especially the need to repent.

Unfortunately, we humans have a natural tendency to get too caught up in the externals. We tend to focus on commandments, specific actions, and physical needs more than we do on divine grace, spiritual perspectives, and the good news of redemption through Christ. So as we continue through Lent, let us not be overly legalistic; rather, let us view our self-discipline in light of divine grace and focus on the redemptive message of the Gospel.

Annunciation- 25 March- Luke 1:26-38

 Many contemporary Christians probably only think of the Annunciation of Christ to the blessed Virgin Mary during Advent, but March 25 has been the traditional observance since the early centuries of Christianity. This observance remains a fitting time for reflection on the Gospel from Luke 1. On this day, we think of many things: the redemptive purpose of God the Father, the splendor of the messenger Gabriel, the gracious humility and faithful obedience of the Virgin Mary, and the mystery of the Incarnation. Since this celebration occurs during Lent, we also realize that all these wondrous aspects of the story receive their meaning through the Cross, Passion, and Resurrection of the One whose Birth is announced.

The story of the Gospel is a meaningful whole. From the Annunciation to Christmas, from Christ's Baptism to His Crucifixion, Resurrection, and Ascension, the message is about God's amazing and saving grace uniquely expressed through His only-begotten Son Jesus. Every Sunday, every special season, every special day, and every ordinary day are times for us to think about salvation and faithful responses. We always need to hear the good news of redemption through Jesus Christ again and again!

Lent III- Luke 11:24-26

The Gospel for Lent III from St. Luke 11:14-28 is a rich passage, and it refers to several different themes related to spiritual struggle and following Christ.  Today let us look at St. Luke 11:24-26: "When the unclean spirit is gone out of a man, he walketh through dry places, seeking rest; and finding none, he saith, I will return unto my house whence I came out. And when he cometh, he findeth it swept and garnished. Then goeth he, and taketh to him seven other spirits more wicked than himself, and they enter in, and dwell there: and the last state of that man is worse than the first."

 In these words, our Lord issues a warning about half-hearted spiritual renewal. Any person who has a certain evil removed from his life is like a clean house. Such a person has great potential for moral and spiritual growth. There is an opportunity for a new start, an opportunity for filling one's life with all sorts of virtue and goodness. This renewal is a time for inviting the Holy Spirit to dwell within and transform life. However, if a person does not use such a time of renewal in a positive way, there is also the possibility that evil may return with greater force than before. A half-hearted renewal may leave a person in a worse spiritual state than he/she was previously.

 Certainly, these insights apply in great instances of spiritual healing- such as when Christ cast out demons. These insights may be applied in our modern age when a person is trying to recover from some serious moral or spiritual problem. Yet, the same dynamic can also apply to many of the little daily struggles to be better Christians that we all have. Renouncing some evil, even a minor fault, is a good beginning. It is a kind of spiritual house cleaning. But a good beginning is not enough; it also needs positive spiritual follow-up. Our souls must be filled with good things lest the bad return in a worse way.

This teaching is especially applicable during times like Lent. Lent is a season of spiritual house cleaning; it is a time when Christians seek spiritual renewal. During Lent, we emphasize repentance from sins and discipline against bad habits. During this season, many people give up some minor human indulgences, and that can be good.

However, we should not be content to renounce a few things for Lent; we must also take positive steps. During this season, we also need to fill our spiritual houses with positive practices such as Scripture and devotional reading, prayer, and acts of kindness and service. By taking such positive steps, we decrease the likelihood of evil moving back in. So, during this Lent, may God grant us the grace to focus on the well-being of our souls. Let us move beyond basic spiritual house cleaning and seek to keep our hearts, minds, and souls filled with everything good.

 

Lent II- Matthew 15:21-28

For Lent II, see the post from 2023.

Lent I- Matthew 4

The Gospel for the First Sunday in Lent is the familiar story of Christ’s great fast and temptation from Mathew 4:1-11. After Jesus’ Baptism, He withdrew to the Judean wilderness. At the close of His days of prayer and fasting, the Tempter sought to catch him in a moment of weakness. Satan used appealing lures. The Tempter’s aims were contrary to Scripture, but he tried to confuse matters by quoting Scripture.

Of course, Jesus of Nazareth rejected the three great temptations of the devil. He knew that no goal or result, no matter how apparently desirable, could justify truly evil means. Jesus chose to live on the earth in the ways His heavenly Father wished regardless of the difficulties and trials.

In certain respects, the Temptation of Christ was unique. He was perfect in His divine and human natures, and He resisted temptation as no one else ever has. Yet, although Christ is unique, His temptations are similar to those of every other human being. So the story of His basic temptations applies to all of us. These temptations are rooted in the basic human needs for sustenance, safety, and human interaction or approval. The problem for us is that the Tempter, the Evil One, uses these natural needs to attempt to draw us away from God and His intentions for human life.

Thus, we must be vigilant and seek greater moral and spiritual strength. We must struggle to remain loyal to divine principles in all areas of life.  Above all, we need to look to the grace and assistance of Jesus Christ each day. Despite our fallen condition, we do have hope because Jesus Christ triumphed over Satan throughout His life on earth and won a victory for the faithful of all times. Although we stumble daily, He helps the faithful to repent, arise, and keep walking with Him by faith.

Observing Lent

The first day of Lent  in western Christianity is always on a Wednesday, 46 days before Easter Sunday. The name Lent is from an Anglo-Saxon word, but the season is older than the word. This season of preparation before the Crucifixion and Resurrection has a long history among Christians. It began in the early church with two basic purposes: 1) instruction and preparation for those about to be baptized, and 2) a time for repentance and renewal for those already baptized. 

Historically, Roman Catholics, Anglicans, Lutherans, and some others have retained the basics of the church calendar, including Lent. This season has been seen as a useful tradition to encourage repentance, voluntary devotion, and preparation for Easter. At the same time, Anglicans have stressed some Christian freedom with regard to human works and traditions. While the Prayer Book provides general rules about observing Lent, Lenten devotions must not become legalistic. Practices such as fasting, alms-giving, Bible studies, or special prayers can help our spiritual growth, but they do not earn righteousness before God. In other words, human traditions about Lent or other devotions can be useful, but in themselves, such practices do not make people virtuous.

Although Christian devotions and disciplines can be good, our attitudes and beliefs are more important. Only Jesus Christ can set us right with God. Lent, like every other observance, is meant to call us to repentance and to faith in Christ.  So any special devotions during this season should point us to the work of Jesus Christ. The real purpose of our Lenten practices is always to recall us to faith in the central truths of the Gospel.