Collect for Trinity

 ALMIGHTY and everlasting God, who hast given unto us thy servants grace, by the confession of a true faith, to acknowledge the glory of the eternal Trinity, and in the power of the Divine Majesty to worship the Unity; We beseech thee that thou wouldest keep us stedfast in this faith, and evermore defend us from all adversities, who livest and reignest, one God, world without end. Amen.

Trinity Sunday

 Trinity Sunday is unique on the Church calendar. Historically, its origins are late. It seems to have been observed first in the early 900s in what is now Belgium and to have spread rapidly in northwestern Europe, including England. The observance was not added to the Roman calendar until the 1300's. Another distinction of Trinity Sunday is that, unlike other major holy days, it focuses on a doctrine rather than an event.

Yet, observing Trinity Sunday on the Sunday after Pentecost is certainly appropriate because the coming of the Holy Spirit upon the disciples in power is a completion of the Trinitarian revelation. Talking about the Trinity is more than theology about the nature of God; it is a teaching that summarizes the whole Biblical message. This doctrine is a high mystery that transcends the limits of the natural human intellect. At the same time, the doctrine of the Trinity has practical applications to the life of every Christian.

There are several New Testament texts (such as Matthew 3:16-17, Matthew 28:19, John 3: 5-16, Ephesians 2:18, 2 Corinthians 13: 14, 1 Peter 1:2) which express a Trinitarian understanding of God's revelation to humanity. However, the doctrine of the Trinity is subtle and nuanced, and some implications of this belief took time to develop among Christians. Notably, belief in the Holy Trinity was expressed in the ancient baptismal questions about God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. These questions and answers became the basis for creeds such as the Apostles' Creed.  Later,  baptismal creeds also became the basis for doctrinal summaries of the Nicene Creed and the Athanasian Creed (Quicunque vult). 

Affirming the importance of the doctrine of the Trinity does not make believers philosophical theologians. Rather, Christians affirm or confess this basic doctrine for reasons of faith. The doctrine of the Trinity is a biblical Christian belief that is deeply rooted in the experience of redemption and in Christian worship and prayer. Besides summarizing basic beliefs about God's work to save human beings, the doctrine of the Trinity is also present whenever Christians pray. Regardless of which divine person we invoke in a particular prayer, Christians are always calling upon the Triune God. We look to God as our heavenly Father through the mediation of His Son Jesus Christ prompted by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit.

Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost....

Pentecost and the Church- Acts 2

Pentecost Sunday is one of the oldest Christian celebrations. It is rooted in the first-century Jewish calendar where the Greek word Pentecost (meaning "fifty") was applied to the Feast of Weeks. This Jewish feast had associations with the spring grain harvest and with the giving of the Law. This celebration provided the background for the reading from the Acts of the Apostles 2:1-11. The first disciples were gathered in Jerusalem for the feast as they awaited Christ's promised Comforter. In this Christian context, Pentecost received a new meaning when the Holy Spirit came down upon the disciples in a new way and empowered them to proclaim the Gospel of Jesus Christ to Jews gathered from across the world. This key event has been called "the birthday of the Church."

Acts 2 provides a guide for our understanding of the coming of the Holy Ghost. While the divine Spirit does work in many and diverse ways, the emphasis in Acts is upon His work through the community of disciples; that is, the emphasis is on the Spirit's work in the Church. The central gift of the Holy Spirit is to transform a group of ordinary individuals into a bold community of faith with a mission to the whole world. Although the disciples already believed in Christ's Resurrection and Ascension, they needed to receive the heavenly power of the Spirit in order to speak about the Faith.

As Pentecost is a recurring feast, so is the work of the Holy Spirit on and through the Church. Our individual spiritual experiences have their value, but the central issue is the work of the Spirit in the whole Christian community. Christ does not promise the Comforter just to make individual believers feel good; the Spirit comes primarily to strengthen the disciples as the Christian Church who continue the proclamation of the Gospel in the world.  So, as we reflect on the spiritual blessing of Pentecost, let us focus on its significance for the central mission of the whole Christian Church.

Ascension Day- Luke 24; Acts 1

 This year, Thursday, May 9, is Ascension Day, the fortieth day after Easter. In addition to previous reflections on this blog, here is a new reflection on the Ascension.

The Ascension is an important teaching of Scripture (Luke 24; Acts 1; Matthew 28; Mark 16; John 20; Ephesians 1 & 4) and of the ancient creeds. Unfortunately, especially in our time, this central New Testament event is often overlooked, and it deserves more attention.

The Ascension of Christ means several things. 1) It marks the end of Jesus' Resurrection manifestations to the band of original disciples, the completion of His earthly ministry, and Jesus' return to His heavenly Father. 2) The Ascension also points toward and prepares for Pentecost. As Christ tells His followers more than once in the "Farewell Discourses" in the Gospel according to John, His return to the Father will lead to a new and powerful working of God the Holy Spirit among them. Christ's return to heaven means that the mission of His disciples can become less local and more universal. 3) Christ's Ascension also means that His followers have a heavenly mediator and intercessor at the right hand of the Father. From heaven, our Lord Jesus Christ watches over us in all places and at all times. He intercedes for our physical, mental, and spiritual well-being and for our eternal salvation. 

Thus, we see that Christ's Ascension ties a number of Christian beliefs together. It reminds us of all that Jesus Christ has done and is doing to pour His grace into our lives. It is an affirmation of Jesus' earthly ministry and His Resurrection. It is a kind of seal of divine approval on the Incarnation. The Ascension is also a concrete illustration of His continuing work as our unique heavenly intercessor and mediator. In addition, as the angels tell the disciples in Acts 1, the Ascension is a reminder of the Christian hope that Jesus Christ will come again to complete earthly history. Thanks be to God for our crucified, risen, and ascended Savior!

Easter V- Rogation- John 16

 Among Anglicans, the common name for the Fifth Sunday after Easter is Rogation Sunday, and the Monday, Tuesday. and Wednesday of the following week have long been known as Rogation Days. The term "rogation" comes from one Latin term for asking or praying. This word is used in the Latin version of John 16:26, "that I will pray" (rogabo). Originally, Rogation Days were times of Christian prayers for crops that replaced certain pagan customs. Later, litanies and other prayers of supplication were added.

The traditional Gospel appointed for this Sunday (John 16:23-33) continues a series of selections from the Farewell Discourses, and it is especially appropriate for the Sunday before the Ascension. The theme is in the words, "Whatever ye shall ask the Father in my name, he will give it you" (16:23b). This is a strong affirmation that has sometimes been misunderstood. Using Christ's name in prayer is an ancient and laudable Christian practice, but it must not be superficial. Christian prayer must not be distorted into some sort of magical manipulation. Rather, we truly pray in Christ's name when we approach the Father in a Christlike attitude. This is the attitude of Christ in Gethsemene: "Nevertheless not what I will but what thou wilt" (Mark 14:36b). The heavenly Father blesses us through our unity with Jesus Christ, and our prayers should always be in accord with His great purposes of redemption. When we pray with such a spiritual attitude, God does greater things for us than we limited human beings can imagine or comprehend.

Easter IV- John 16:5-15

The traditional Gospel for this Sunday from John 16:5-15 is one of the rich selections from the "Farewell Discourses." Here our Lord seeks to reassure the disciples by speaking of the Comforter, the Holy Spirit. He says, "I tell you that it is expedient for you that I go away: for if I go not away, the Comforter will not come unto you; but if I depart, I will send him unto you" (16: 7). A little later, He adds, "when he, the Spirit of truth is come, he will guide you into all truth..." (16: 13).

These verses point to the divine plan for Christ's mission. As Jesus' ordinary physical presence on earth draws to a close, His followers experience some natural human anxiety. They do not really understand much that is about to happen, and they certainly do not want to hear of His leaving. But Christ's death, resurrection, and return to heaven are good for His followers. In heaven, He will intercede for them and prepare a place for them. Furthermore, through a new outpouring of the Holy Spirit, the Comforter, Christ will continue to work among His followers in ways transcending His earthly ministry. The Spirit will guide them into truth. This truth is not some new, secret or unheard of truth, but it is the same truth already manifested in the person of Christ.

The essential point of Jesus' teaching should be clear to Christians. He teaches us that the work of the Holy Spirit must not be separated from the revelation in Jesus Christ, the eternal Word of God. The work of the Spirit among Christians is a series of living applications of the truth already revealed in Christ and His Gospel. So as the Easter season winds down, and we look forward to Ascension and Pentecost, we should appreciate the unity of divine truth. The basic work of redemption in Jesus Christ was a unique time in history, but the same Christ continues to be be present and guide Christians through the work of the Holy Spirit in the Church.

Easter III- John 16:20

The Gospel for this Third Sunday after Easter is from John 16:16-22. This is one of several selections during Eastertide from the “Farewell Discourses.” In these discourses in John, Christ gives His disciples instructions about who He is and about their discipleship. These instructions may have very well been repeated during the forty days after Easter.

A key verse in our Gospel today is John 16: 20: “Verily, verily, I say unto you, That ye shall weep and lament, but the world shall rejoice: and ye shall be sorrowful, but your sorrow shall be turned into joy.” Joy is a central theme of the Easter season, but we should take time to reflect on its meaning. Christian joy is not simply ordinary worldly happiness; it is a profound spiritual blessing.

During Lent and Holy Week, we emphasized the way of the cross, the sorrows and sufferings of Christ. And we must never gloss over those realities. However, sin, suffering, and sorrow do not have the last word. Jesus Christ rises from the dead. He wins an eternal victory and brings true joy. This joy of Christ is not some fleeting earthly happiness. While joy may sometimes be expressed through ordinary good times, the joy of Christ transcends transitory manifestations. Christian joy is more than ordinary human happiness. It comes from beyond this world. It comes from the goodness, the love, and the grace of God.

True joy can remain in the good times and the average times of ordinary life. And the joy of Christ can also remain through all the difficult times. It can abide with us in sickness, pain, and sadness- even through the valley of the shadow of death. As believers, we still have both sorrows and joys. But there is one joy which surpasses our earthly circumstances- there is the great joy of knowing the presence of the risen Christ with us!

Easter II- The Good Shepherd- John 10:11

In the traditional Gospel for the Second Sunday after Easter from John 10, our Lord boldly proclaims, “I am the good shepherd” (John 10:11). There are two main aspects of Jesus’ claim. 1) Jesus is claiming to be the Messiah- a leader like King David in many ways. 2) By calling Himself the Good Shepherd, Jesus of Nazareth is also moving His claim to a different dimension. Let us notice that Jesus does not merely say “I’m a good shepherd.” He says, “I am the good shepherd.” The “I am” sayings of Jesus in John’s Gospel are reflections of God’s name in Exodus. 

In Scripture, God Himself is the Good Shepherd of Israel, and by identifying Himself this was, Jesus is claiming a unique relationship with God the Father. So in this verse, Jesus is saying that He is both the human Messiah and the divine Son of God. He is the great leader of the chosen people in both ways. 

The Easter season stresses our hope in Christ. Accepting and trusting Jesus Christ as our Good Shepherd highlights Christian hope in a special way. All too often we are like wandering sheep, but we do have a leader, a shepherd, that we can trust. Easter is a celebration and a proclamation of the depth of our Shepherd’s love and of His victorious power. So let us heed Him and have faith in Him. Let us follow where He leads and accept His nourishment for our souls through His Word and Sacraments.

The Feast of the Annunciation (transferred)- Luke 1

 The 25th of March fell during Holy Week this year, and traditional liturgical practice confines Holy Week to commemorating the Passion and Easter Week to celebrating the Resurrection. Thus, the feast of the Annunciation is transferred to Monday,  April 8. This is indicated on the list of precedence in the Book of Common Prayer and on other calendars

The observance of the Annunciation is based on the story of Gabriel's visit to the Virgin Mary in the Gospel from St. Luke 1:26 ff. On this day, we are reminded of the connection between the Incarnation of Christ and His Passion and Resurrection. The complete story of Jesus Christ has a unified redemptive purpose, and the collect for the day sums up this unity in a beautiful way. Commemorating Christ's first coming is also a reminder to us that we should always live in expectation and preparation for His second coming in glory.

Easter I- Resurrection Peace- John 20:19-23

In the Gospel for the First Sunday after Easter (John 20:19-23), the risen Christ appears to ten Apostles and blesses them with divine peace. Despite reports of Jesus’ resurrection, the disciples remain fearful and timid. The risen Lord comes to where they are hiding, and He brings greetings in the common Jewish manner, saying “Peace be with you.” 

In Scripture, this greeting is an implied prayer for God’s peace, and this implied prayer has a special meaning in light of Christ’s resurrection. At Easter, the common greeting becomes a specific blessing from the risen Lord. Jesus is the embodiment of God’s peace. He reconciles repentant and believing sinners with the heavenly Father. After everything that has happened, the disciples have a special need for His peace. They have not been very faithful. Even after hearing of His resurrection, they are still fearful. So they need to hear reassuring words directly from Christ. 

Jesus shares His resurrection victory over sin and spiritual death with His disciples. Through His Cross and Resurrection, Christ has accomplished the reconciliation of penitent sinners with God. This is true peace, and Jesus shares this divine peace with the apostles. And this peace is not limited to the apostles alone. As the heavenly Father has sent Him, likewise Christ sends the apostles and through them, His whole Church. Jesus Christ is risen and alive, and He wants His peace to spread through His followers.

Christ’s words of greeting remind us that divine peace is part of the Gospel. In Scripture, peace has many implications, and people often have limited or superficial understandings of peace. We need to see peace as a spiritual condition involving the relationship between God and human beings. We also need to realize that the resurrection of Jesus is the high point of scriptural teachings about peace. Faith in Christ can contribute to other types of peace, but most importantly, the risen Christ offers us peace with God. He overcomes our fallen estrangement from God; He offers us new eternal life in God’s holy and merciful presence. And the peace of His resurrection is not some private possession. It is not a secret that we are to keep to ourselves. The risen Christ wants us to share the joy of His spiritual peace with others. When we have living faith in Him, we can begin to share in the peace brought by His resurrection victory over sin and death.

Friday in Easter Week- Revelation 1

The New Testament reading for Morning Prayer in the 1928 American BCP (1945 lectionary) is from Revelation 1:4-18. This selection provides a meaningful way for us to look back at the last week. On Good Friday, it is appropriate for us to focus on the details of our Lord's Passion and Death. On Easter, it is appropriate to emphasize the power, mystery, awe, and joy of Jesus' Resurrection. Now it is easier to see His Death and Resurrection together. As Revelation 1:5 indicates, we recognize Jesus Christ as "the first begotten of the dead." Jesus' Resurrection is unique. His return to life is more than a temporary restoration of an ordinary person; His Resurrection is a lasting victory with eternal significance. This is made even clearer in Revelation 1:18, "And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not; I am the first and the last: I am he that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death." This is a forceful proclamation of Christ's role as the crucified and risen Saviour. And it shows that Jesus Christ is not merely some historical hero. He is the everliving Lord over life, death, and life beyond death! He is Lord of our lives now and evermore! Alleluia!

Easter Tuesday- Resurrection and Incarnation- Luke 24: 36-48

 Traditional Books of Common Prayer provide propers for the Tuesday after Easter. This observance may have been intended to give more opportunity for Easter Communions. Aside from referring to the initial fear of the disciples, the Gospel from Luke 24:36-48  highlights two points: 1) the physicality of Jesus' resurrection, and 2) His resurrection as the fulfillment of all Scripture.

First, many people in the first century and since have not appreciated the unique character of Jesus' resurrection. Many people have merely viewed Christ's resurrection as a vague affirmation of spiritual survival. Some have viewed it as a dream, a vision, or even as some sort of ghost story. However, the New Testament accounts deny such bland understandings of the Resurrection. Although Jesus' physical nature has certainly been transformed (for example, space and time no longer limit His movements like before), the risen Jesus still has a tangible body. He walks and talks. He bears marks of the crucifixion. He can be touched. He can eat and drink. During the 40 days till the Ascension, Christ is physically present with His followers in real ways. His Resurrection is both a transformation of and a continuation of His Incarnation!

Secondly, as mentioned in yesterday's post, Jesus uses the days of Easter to complete the instruction of His followers in the meaning of Scripture. He re-emphasizes some of the teachings that the disciples never seemed to understand before. He equips them for lasting faith and mission. In particular, Jesus interprets the whole biblical message in light of His life, death, and resurrection. The risen Christ helps His followers see that He is the eternal Word at the heart of all Holy Scripture. He is the One whose death and resurrection gives all divine revelation its ultimate and abiding significance! He is the Gospel, the Good News, personified!

Easter Monday- Understanding Scripture- Luke 24:13-35

The Gospel for the Monday in Easter week is Luke 24:13-35, the account of the risen Lord's manifestation to the disciples on the road to Emmaus. There are several intriguing aspects of this story, but several times recently, my thoughts have been drawn to a theme that is sometimes neglected: the connection between Christ's resurrection and understanding the overall message of Scripture. Christians often affirm that Jesus Christ is at the heart of Holy Scripture from Genesis through Revelation. We are also aware that from the call of the Apostles through the Farewell Discourses on Maundy Thursday, Jesus spent a lot of time teaching His followers to understand Scripture.

Unfortunately, we may not have noticed that one important part of our Lord's forty days of resurrection appearances is to explain the Scriptures again. The disciples had not always listened attentively or been receptive to Jesus' teachings over three years. Now in light of His death and resurrection, He gives intensive instruction which they finally begin to understand. In Luke 24:25, the risen Jesus rebukes His followers, "Then he said unto them, O fools, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken." Even after the first reports of the resurrection, the disciples are slow to believe the things He has taught. So Jesus tries again. As Luke 24:27 says, "And beginning at Moses and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself." Then after Christ has left them, we see their new understanding in Luke 24:32, "And they said one to another, Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked with us by the way, and while he opened to us the scriptures?" Thus, among other Easter blessings is new insight into Holy Scripture.

There are many blessings that Christians associate with Easter. We see victory over sin, death, and the devil. We learn that suffering can be redemptive. We experience grace, hope, and peace. Yet, there is also another blessing. One of the great gifts of Christ's Resurrection is new insight into the meaning of Scripture. The risen Lord continues to open the true meaning of Scripture to us. May His divine grace open our hearts and minds to this gift even more during the Easter season!

Easter- Mark 16: 1-8

 The great day has arrived. Christians rightly rejoice on this day because we commemorate the great triumph of Jesus Christ which is at the heart of our faith. Christ is risen! He is risen indeed!

 Nevertheless, as the alternate Gospel from Mark 16: 1-8 shows us, the first Easter did not begin with joy. It began with sorrow and fear. Why fear? For several reasons. The disciples, both women and men, were afraid that the Romans and the Jerusalem priesthood might track down followers of the executed Messiah. They were afraid that the authorities might have desecrated the tomb of their beloved rabbi. They were also afraid because one did not expect to run into angels every day. They were afraid as they considered the real possibility of Christ's Resurrection. The empty tomb, the angels, and the transformed Lord Jesus were great and unusual manifestations of divine power, and throughout the Scriptures, a normal human reaction to divine power is a holy fear. God is holy, His power exceeds human understanding, and weak and sinful creatures should stand in awe and amazement.

Our perspective is a little different from that of the women on the first Easter. We do not fear Romans or Temple guards, and we are not afraid that someone has stolen Jesus' body. Yet, we would do well to have a bit of holy fear as we think of the Resurrection. We are amazed because Christ's Resurrection is the greatest manifestation of divine power seen in human history. God's new act through Jesus Christ His only Son is truly awe-inspiring. Since Christ's Resurrection was long ago and since we have heard the story many times, we must be careful not to take it for granted. Early that Sunday, a power greater than any natural force we know broke into human history. Divine energy transformed the dead body of an executed Jewish leader into the glorious body of the Lord of all creation. 

The Resurrection is the great mystery at the heart of the Christian faith, and we should be amazed. Jesus rising from the dead is an awesome event that we should appreciate in diverse ways. After being amazed, we develop other reactions. We can move on and allow Easter to fill our hearts with joy. Divine goodness has triumphed. Grace and mercy abound. And we can truly begin to appreciate the joy Christ brings. Alleluia! Christ is risen!

Easter Even- I Peter 31:17-22; Matthew 27: 57-66

 Traditional Books of Common Prayer call this Saturday "Easter Even", while modern calendars  may use the title "Holy Saturday." Following the ancient Church, traditional Anglicans keep the day very low-key. For centuries most churches have not celebrated the Lord's Supper during this day. The Easter Vigil Eucharist is a relatively recent attempt to renew an ancient practice, but it is technically a celebration of  Easter Day, and in ancient times, the consecration took place after midnight. 

Personally, I prefer the more traditional Prayer Book practice of simply reading Morning and Evening Prayer. If a parish wants to add something more, one can use the propers for Ante-Communion or the Liturgy of the Word. The collect for the day has the main themes of Christ's death and resurrection related to Christian Baptism. 

The Epistle from First Peter 3: 17-22 has two main themes: 1) the importance of Christ's death for our salvation, and 2) the relationship between Christ's death and Christian Baptism. The Gospel from Matthew 27: 57-66 is the account of Jesus' burial in the tomb of Joseph of Arimathaea and the authorities sending guards to watch.

These readings drive home the reality of Christ's death and anticipate His resurrection. They also remind us that Christian Baptism unites us to both His death and His resurrection. We die to sin and rise to new life in Christ. This dying and rising takes place at our Baptisms and throughout the life of faith. Such themes make this a good day for quiet reflection. We can give thanks for Christ's redemptive work quietly as we look forward to the joy of new life with and through Him.