Christmas 2022- Hebrews 1:1-3

The anticipated day has finally arrived! It is Christmas, and we Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ, the Incarnation of the eternal Word of God. Of course, there are many aspects to the celebration of this great festival, and we can easily be distracted from what is most important. So we constantly and prayerfully turn to divine revelation in Holy Scripture. In particular, today's reading from the Epistle to the Hebrews points us toward the meaning of the Christian celebration.

Hebrews 1:1-3 says, "God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets, Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds; Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high." 

These words indicate the importance of the Incarnation and summarize the basic message of the Christian Gospel. The old divine message delivered through the prophets has reached its climax and fulfillment in Jesus Christ, God's only Son. The Son has been with the Father from the beginning and has always been involved in divine work, but in Jesus, the Son, the Word, has come among us in a great new way. He reveals God the Father more clearly, He takes away our sins, and He returns to reign with the Father in heaven.  Christmas is about an unusual birth, but it is also about much more. It is a proclamation of the eternal and saving Gospel of Jesus Christ! May this Good News dwell in our hearts always! A merry and blessed Christmas to all!

Advent IV- John 1:19-28; Philippians 4:4-5

The Fourth Sunday in Advent brings a heightened sense of anticipation as we enter the final week of preparations for the celebration of Christ's Birth. In Philippians 4:4-5, St. Paul exhorts believers to rejoice and live virtuous lives because "The Lord is at hand." Our Lord Jesus Christ is always near in several ways, but we have a special awareness of His coming when we celebrate His Incarnation.

The Gospel from John 1:19-28 focuses on John the Baptist's preparatory work for the Messiah or Christ. The prophet John in the wilderness is the forerunner who prepares the way by calling people to repentance, cleansing, and hope in the anticipated redeemer. Besides calling the people of first-century Palestine, John the Baptist still calls us to prepare for Christ to come anew into our lives.

In our time, people often seem to find it difficult to prepare for Christmas in a spiritual way. There are so many distractions from everyday life and from secular holiday madness. At times, even Advent devotions or plans for reading Scripture may become just another December task. However, we do need to pause. reflect, and be more open to Christ to come into our lives again and again. So whatever else we are doing, let us find some moments throughout the day to ask Jesus to have mercy and come among us!

Advent III- Matthew 11:2-15

The Gospel for the Third Sunday in Advent is from Matthew 11:2-15 (by the way, this year, the three-year lectionary has the same selection as the traditional lectionary). This passage shows John the Baptist in prison   He sends two of his followers to Jesus, and they ask if Jesus is the expected Messiah. We are not told why John asks. Perhaps he needs personal reassurance, and he probably also wants his disciples to encounter Jesus. 

In any case, Jesus replies with a two-fold proclamation. First, He points to the redemptive acts taking place in His own ministry, works that fulfill the Messianic prophecies. Secondly, He points to the purpose and value of the prophetic work of John the Baptist as the forerunner. Then, our Lord concludes with an exhortation to His hearers. Those who have ears should hear;  that is, they should be sensitive and perceptive about events. They should realize what God is doing in the ministry of John the Baptist and in the mystery of Jesus the Christ. May we also be sensitive and perceptive regarding God's redemptive work!

Advent I- Romans 13: 8-14

 Many people know that the word Advent is derived from a Latin root that means "to come." The collect and readings for the First Sunday in Advent share the Advent theme of the coming kingdom. Each selection develops this theme in a slightly different way.

In the Epistle from Romans 13:8-14, the Apostle Paul speaks of the law of love, and he relates loving behavior among believers to the approaching day of the Lord when Christ shall judge all people. Since time marches on toward the end of personal earthly life and the end of human history, believers should be ready always. We should live our lives pursuing all that is spiritually and morally good. And Advent is a special time to emphasize our preparations to meet Christ, in our present life, at the time of death, and at the end of history.

Thanksgiving Day- Matthew 6:25ff

The giving of thanks to Almighty God is a deep and perennial aspect of the Judeo-Christian heritage. Thanksgiving is a recurring theme and practice in the Old and New Testaments, and various autumnal thanksgivings developed in Christianized Europe.  In the Anglo-American colonies, there were early services of thanksgiving at Berkeley Hundred in Virginia in 1619 and at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1621. Over the year various observances arose, but the core religious element was emphasized in American Books of Common Prayer, 

In the Epistle for the day, James 1:17 reminds us that "Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and cometh down from the Father of lights..." Since God is the giver of every good gift, a thankful response is always appropriate for believers.

In the Gospel from Matthew 6:25 ff, Jesus exhorts us not to be anxious about basic material needs. In general, divine providence watches over and supplies the natural needs of even the birds and the flowers. Certainly, His care for human beings, especially those seeking His kingdom, is even greater, So believers should not be overwhelmed by anxiety; we should trust in God and gratefully seek His will.

With such a Scriptural background in mind, we can sincerely pray-

O most merciful Father, who hast blessed the labours of the husbandman in the returns of the fruits of the earth; We give thee humble and hearty thanks for this thy bounty; beseeching thee to continue thy loving-kindness to us, that our land may still yield her increase, to thy glory and our comfort; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

Trinity XIX- Matthew 9: 1-8

The Gospel for the Nineteenth Sunday after Trinity is from Matthew 9 and tells of Jesus healing a paralyzed man by first forgiving his sins. The scribes or scholars of the law are scandalized because they think that only God can forgive sins. In one way, the scribes are correct. Ultimately, forgiveness or pardon comes from God, and Jesus can forgive sins because He is God the Son incarnate. Yet, with Christ's incarnation, a new era has begun. The Gospel is fully proclaimed by Jesus and later by His disciples, His Church. So the Apostles and other disciples as the living Body of Christ in the world have continued to proclaim forgiveness in Word and sacrament.

Trinity XII- Mark 7: 31-37

On the Twelfth Sunday after Trinity, the Gospel from St. Mark 7:31-37 raises several points about Jesus and about the Christian mission. Every New Testament miracle is a general proclamation of the heavenly kingdom of God at work in the world. In addition, three key points struck me about the healing of the deaf mute.

Those three points are: 1) The location of this miracle is in the Decapolis, a mixed Jewish and Hellenistic area, and this points to the universal goals of Christ’s redeeming work for all peoples; 2) The miracle proclaims Jesus as God’s anointed Savior who fulfills Messianic prophecies; and 3) Christ shows mercy and grace to the afflicted, and He calls His followers to participate in His continuing labor in the world.

Trinity XI- Luke 18: 9-14; I Corinthians 15:1-11

Both the Epistle and the Gospel for the Eleventh Sunday after Trinity are especially rich passages. In I Corinthians 15:1-11, St. Paul speaks of two related topics, the core Christian message and his ministry as an Apostle. He affirms that he hands on the message that he received about Jesus Christ. This summary message is a sort of early Christian creed somewhat similar to the second article or section of the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds. Christ suffered and died for our sins, was buried, and rose from the dead to be seen by numerous faithful witnesses. And Paul's apostolic ministry proclaims this Christ-centered message through divine grace.

The Gospel from St. Luke 18:9-14 is the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector going to the Temple to pray. This parable is a warning against pride and self-righteousness and an encouragement to repentance and humble faith in divine mercy. We should pursue goodness and holiness, but even at our best, we are still sinners who must seek God's forgiveness, mercy, and grace.

Trinity X- Diversities of Gifts- I Corinthians 12: 1-11

This week, in looking over the readings for this Tenth Sunday after Trinity. the Epistle from 1 Corinthians 12:1-11 drew my attention. I was struck by the Apostle Paul's insight into both the dangers and the greatness of spirituality. First, the Apostle warns of false spirituality. Sometimes, people talk as if anything that can be called "spirituality" must be good. However, Paul does not make this assumption. On the contrary, he begins this discussion by warning about ignorance and idolatry. There are deformed kinds of spirituality and distorted views of spiritual gifts.

Secondly, St. Paul connects true spirituality to the Lord Jesus Christ. The work and gifts of the Holy Spirit must not be separated from faith centered on the life and work of Jesus. His Lordship brings unity out of human diversity. Serving Him is the factor that gives meaning to the "differences of administrations."

Thirdly, rooted in faith in Christ, the Holy Spirit can use human differences. Rooted in Christ, the Spirit inspires all sorts of good results. Believers in Christ are empowered by the Holy Spirit to engage in a variety of activities that continue the work of our Lord in this world. Such gifts range from religious knowledge to human communication to acts of mercy, but it is always the same Lord Jesus and the same Holy Spirit who are the source. 

Trinity VIII- Ravening Wolves- Matthew 7:15

This week, I am taking some time to travel, but I was struck by the relevance of the Gospel for the Eighth Sunday after Trinity. In St. Matthew 7:15, our Lord warns, "Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves." Of course, false and corrupt religious leaders have been a perennial problem in history, and Christ's Church has been afflicted by bad leadership in many periods, including ancient Gnostics, fourth-century Arians, and worldly medieval prelates. 

However, such false prophets seem even more rampant in the 21st century. Besides the usual human foibles that afflict individual leaders, our time sees so much institutional corruption in theology and moral teaching (or the lack thereof). No church body or Christian tradition seems exempt. There are many who seem determined to mislead and devour Christ's flock, and they can be found among all sorts of theological denominational backgrounds.

In light of such dangers, we must beware. We must be vigilant and strive to remain faithful. None of us is perfect or infallible. None is immune from some temptation. So we all must constantly repent, confess our sins, and seek divine grace. With God's help, we are empowered to resist the corruptions of the age spread by many religious leaders. In the words of Hebrews 12:1, "...  let us run with patience the race that is set before us, looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith."

The Transfiguration- 6 - Luke 9:28-36

The Feast of the Transfiguration is an ancient celebration based on Scripture. The event began to be observed in the Eastern churches in the fourth century, but it did not spread quickly among Western churches (including Anglicans).  Shortly before the Reformation, the Latin church began to observe it as a universal feast on August 6. In liturgical simplifications after the Reformation, the Feast of the Transfiguration was removed from many calendars including the 1549 Book of Common Prayer. It was restored as a minor commemoration or "black-letter day" in the 1662 BCP, and the 1928 BCP provided this feast of our Lord with a collect, epistle and gospel.

The Feast of the Transfiguration commemorates a mysterious epiphany in the Gospels (Matthew 17:1-9, Mark 9:2-10, Luke  9:28-36). In these accounts, the Transfiguration of Christ is a distinctive and dramatic manifestation of Jesus' divinity. Jesus takes Peter, John and James up onto a mountain where He has a shining appearance during prayer. Moses and Elijah appear, converse with Jesus, and witness to His unique role. Then a divine voice proclaims, "This is my beloved Son; hear him" (Luke 9:35). May we also behold His glory and listen to Him!

Trinity VII- Mark 8:1-9

 The Gospel for the Seventh Sunday after Trinity is from St. Mark 8:1-9. This is one of several gospel accounts of feeding the multitudes (there is similar account in St. Mark 6). In addition to the miracle itself which is a manifestation of Christ's divine power over nature, the story of Christ feeding the 4000 shows us several things about our Lord's earthly mission.  It shows Christ's compassion toward the physical hunger of crowds (8:2). In addition, the setting of this particular feeding is in a Gentile area near Galilee. This fact implies that Christ's compassion extends to all sorts and conditions of humanity.

Furthermore, the context shows that our Lord has a deep concern for spiritual hunger. The people that He feeds physically are those who hunger for His words, His spiritual nourishment. They are people who have followed Jesus out into the countryside and listened to His teachings for three days. They are physically hungry because in the words of the Sermon on the Mount, they "hunger and thirst after righteousness" (Matthew 5:6). So here we see Christ's special mercy for those who seek to follow Him.

Besides telling us about Christ's earthly ministry, our Gospel also teaches us about the continuing mission of the Church.  1) Like our Lord, we should manifest compassion for the basic physical needs of human beings, such as hunger. 2) Christian concern for both physical and spiritual needs is universal. That is, compassion extends to all people. Although compassion is most often expressed in our everyday human contacts, it must extend to anyone that we meet who has a physical or spiritual need.

3) This compassion for human hunger also has spiritual dimensions. Indeed, while it may be less obvious, spiritual hunger is a deeper need. Human beings are designed for fellowship with God. Even when people are not aware of its existence, there is a spiritual hunger in every soul which can only be supplied by Jesus Christ. As Christians, we are all called to point others to Christ who continues to nourish human souls through His Word and His Sacraments.

Trinity V- Luke 5: 1-11

 The Gospel for the Fifth Sunday after Trinity is St. Luke's account of the call of the apostles (Luke 5:1-11). It points out that the first disciples were Galilean fishermen who allowed Jesus to use their boat to teach the crowds. Then it adds that these fishermen had a poor night of fishing and that Jesus guides them to a great catch. Simon Peter is amazed and frightened because of Jesus' holy power. Jesus ignores such fear and calls Peter and the others to follow Him. He promises that they will catch people for the kingdom. They accept the call and leave their fishing business to others.

The miraculous catch of fish is an amazing event in itself, but it is also a miracle that points beyond itself. It can be applied in three ways. 1) It shows us the nature and character of Jesus Christ. He is the holy Lord of creation who can work in strange and surprising ways. When He comes among us, we should honor Him, trust Him, and obey Him. 2) It shows that Christ can bless those who follow Him in both material and spiritual ways. These blessings may be as ordinary as fish and as mysterious as an awareness of divine presence and power. 3) The miracle points to Jesus' ministry of gathering people for the kingdom of God. It is a call to discipleship. Like Peter and the other fishermen, we have a vocation. We are called to follow Jesus in all things and to share in His mission of seeking people for God's kingdom. The specifics vary according to our talents. gifts, and circumstances, but all are asked to contribute to Christ's mission.

Trinity IV- Romans 8:18

The Epistle for this Fourth Sunday after Trinity begins with one of many favorite verses. Romans 8:18 says, "I reckon that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us." These sacred words remind us that Christians have a different perspective on earthly life from the perspectives of other human beings. Even in the good times, careful consideration shows that earthly happiness and pleasure are fleeting. Each human individual has his/her times of trial, pain, and suffering. Every culture, nation, or social group has difficult times. A glance at events near or far shows diverse problems, disasters, and threats. Despite many blessings and joys, the realities of life on earth can be very disheartening.

However, as St. Paul also points out, the sufferings of this present time do not have the final word. Christians have faith and hope in Jesus Christ who suffered and died, but rose in glory. Because of Christ, we consider the glory that shall be revealed in us as members of the Body of Christ. Whatever the trials of our personal lives, our family, our particular church, our country, or the general human experience, we abide in Christian hope.

Trinity III- Luke 15: 1-10

The Gospel for the Third Sunday after Trinity is Luke 15:1-10, and it contains two brief parables- about the lost sheep and about the lost coin. The context makes it clear that our Lord is talking about sinners lost to God. Some extreme approaches to this theme have left a bad aftertaste, and nowadays, even sincere Christians may hesitate to speak of people lost in sin. 

Yet, Scripture in general, and our Lord Jesus Christ, in particular, are not hesitant to speak of lost people and the condition of being lost. Indeed, according to Holy Scripture, all human beings have been lost, and apart from divine grace, all remain lost. As the daily general confession in the Book of Common Prayer says, "we have erred and strayed from thy ways like lost sheep" (based on Isaiah 53:6 and 1 Peter 2:25). So at some moments in time, all human beings are lost, and all need to be found by Christ and His Church.

Seeking the lost has two important applications in our lives. First, each of us as Christians should acknowledge that in differing ways and at different times, we have all been lost and that we have tendencies to get lost repeatedly. So we all depend upon divine mercy, grace, and persistence in seeking us out-- in the past, in the present, and in each new day. 

God seeks us in many ways such as through subtle promptings of the Holy Spirit, conscience, life events, general reading, and encounters with other people, but chiefly He seeks us through Word and Sacrament. Thus, we should be aware that God is always seeking us, and we need to be open to being found by Him.

Secondly, in addition to being sought by God, as members of the Body of Christ, we Christians are called to participate in the Lord's work of seeking and finding the lost. We are not to approach this calling with the wrong attitude. We are not to pretend to be some perfect paragons of virtue. Rather, we are to be humble. As sinners ourselves, we have benefited from the mercy and grace of God. We rejoice in divine mercy and grace, and we want to share that good news with others. We want each lost person to be found and to know the joy of returning to God. 

So let us be open to God’s work in our lives and to our participation in Christ’s work in the world. May each of us be found by God, and may each of us do our small part to help others be found by God!

Trinity Sunday- Matthew 3:16-17, John 3: 5-16, Ephesians 2:18, I Peter 1:2

Much has been and can be said about the Christian doctrine of the Holy Trinity.  It is appropriate that we focus on the doctrine of the Holy Trinity one week after celebrating the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Church. Although human beings can use both reason and poetic language to talk about the nature of the Triune God, our personal appreciation of this unique Christian teaching depends on the divine grace which the Holy Spirit pours into our hearts and minds. In other words, perceiving, confessing, and appreciating the doctrine of the Trinity is not a natural human ability but a gift of divine grace. 

There are numerous Scriptural passages that both maintain divine oneness and unity and refer to all three divine Persons.  There are New Testament texts such as Matthew 3:16-17, John 3: 5-16, Ephesians 2:18, 2 Corinthians 13: 14, and 1 Peter 1:2 that express a Trinitarian understanding of God's self-disclosure to humanity. In particular, the Gospel for this day from John 3 alludes to the work of all three divine Persons in being born anew by water and the Spirit. These biblical teachings are also summarized and explained in the three ancient Creeds, the ancient church fathers, and statements in numerous Christian sources. In other words, the doctrine of the Trinity embodies and expresses core Christian beliefs about creation, redemption, and sanctification.

Pentecost, commonly called Whitsunday- John 14:26

This Sunday is Pentecost or Whitsunday. the fiftieth day after Easter, This Christian feast commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon Christ's disciples in a powerful new way, and it has sometimes been called the birthday of the Christian Church. There are many things that we can say about the Holy Spirit, but today I would like to focus on one verse from the Gospel of John. In John 14:26, Jesus tells the disciples, "But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you."

As Jesus looks toward the end of His earthly ministry with His approaching death, resurrection, and ascension, He promises His followers that divine aid will continue. God the heavenly Father will send the Paraclete, Comforter, or Helper to the disciples in Christ's name. Christians will still need teaching. In particular, they will continue to need reminding in a lively way of the teachings that Christ has already given. In other words, the central work of the Holy Spirit among Christians is to help them remember and apply the Gospel.

Unfortunately, through the centuries and into our time, many people have misunderstood and distorted this main work of the Holy Spirit among believers. Some have gone to emotional and imaginative extremes. Some have neglected Scripture and Christ's Sacraments in favor of some nebulous "spirituality." However, true spirituality inspired by the Holy Ghost must never be separated from the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. There is no other Gospel that can save souls. So the Holy Spirit never contradicts the revelation in Christ. Rather the Holy Spirit recalls the Scriptural message, makes it alive, and helps us apply it in our situations! 

Easter IV- John 16:7

The Epistle and the Gospel for the Fourth Sunday after Easter both raise many meaningful points. This time, I would focus on John 16: 7a where Jesus tells the disciples, "Nevertheless I tell you the truth; It is expedient for you that I go away." As on some other occasions, the disciples must have wondered what the Lord meant. They loved, respected, and depended on Him. Despite their limited understanding, they believed that He was the Redeemer. So how could His departure be good for them?

Our Lord gives a general answer in the second part of the verse. His departure, His return to the heavenly Father, is connected with the Sending of the Holy Spirit. The divine plan for human redemption included Christ's death, resurrection, and ascension. Only after Christ completed that work could the Holy Spirit fully come upon the disciples and guide them into their mission for Him. The disciples had to move beyond dependence upon His earthly physical presence. They needed to mature and become less tied to localities such as Capernaum and Jerusalem.

This dynamic still applies to us as Christians. Our risen and ascended Lord watches over us and intercedes for us at the right hand of the heavenly Father, And He comes to us throughout the world by the Holy Spirit working through Word and Sacrament. In this way, He offers us grace to continue His mission.

Easter III- John 16: 16-22

The traditional Gospel for the Third Sunday after is from St. John 16:16-22. These verses are from our Lord's Farewell Discourses to the Twelve on Maundy Thursday,  As on many occasions, the disciples were slow to grasp Jesus' teaching about His death and resurrection. He compares the situation to motherhood. The labor pains are all too real, but the result is joyful. Jesus warns the disciples of the real pain and sorrow of death and separation, but He also predicts the joy of His renewed presence. Our Lord concludes in John 16:22, "And ye now, therefore, have sorrow: but I will see you again, and your heart shall rejoice, and your joy no man taketh from you" (KJV).

The Easter season focuses on how the disciples come to appreciate Christ's whole ministry, especially His rejection, passion, and death, in light of His resurrection. His sufferings and their separation from Him do bring them great sorrow, but His resurrection brings them profound joy. And this joy is so powerful that it transforms them.  They learn to follow Him in new and deeper ways. Experiencing the joy of His resurrection presence with them, they are empowered to serve Him through all the sorrows and joys of this world. 

The Gospel words about sorrow and joy still apply to believers. We still have earthly sorrows and joys. But there is a great joy which transcends passing circumstances- there is the joy of knowing the presence of the risen Christ with us. Through His Word and  His sacraments, we sense His presence in this life, and we anticipate His presence with us eternally. Alleluia! Christ is risen! 

St. Philip & St. James/Easter II 1 May 2022

On this day, the Church commemorates the apostles Philip and James. There is not a great deal known about these two apostles. The reason for their connection and the choice of May 1 to commemorate them seems to come from a later event. On the first of May in the late 500s AD, their supposed remains were moved to a new basilica in Rome.

Both apostles have names common in the first century. Philip is a common Hellenistic Greek name. Philip the Apostle is mentioned several times in the Gospels for bringing people to Jesus and asking questions. The name James is a medieval British transformation of Iacobus or Jacob, a very common Jewish name. The James honored on this day seems to be James the son of Alphaeus in the lists of the Twelve (Mark 3:18). 

Although not as distinctive as some other New Testament disciples, Philip and James were part of the life and witness of the Church. They were members of the community that learned directly from our Lord, and they went out proclaiming His message before and after the Resurrection. In quiet ways, they helped found the Church, and according to ancient tradition, they ultimately witnessed by giving their lives. They worked to bring others to Christ. So on their feast day, we remember and give thanks for their faith and service as we do for many little-known and unknown witnesses.

Today is also the Second Sunday after Easter. It has often been called Good Shepherd Sunday because of the Gospel from St. John 10:11-16. Two times in these verses, Jesus says, "I am the good shepherd" (John 10: 11 and 14). These are "I AM" sayings where Christ alludes to His divine nature (see Exodus 3:14). Jesus has a unique identity; Christ is not just "a" good shepherd, but rather "the" good shepherd. 

The meaning of being the good shepherd means is emphasized in the Gospel. Jesus says, "the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep" (10:11- and in slightly different words in 10:15). Any conscientious shepherd faces danger for his sheep, but Christ the Good Shepherd does more. He offers Himself as a sacrifice for His flock. 

However, Jesus goes even further. Later in John 10. our Lord points out that since He lays down His life voluntarily, He can also take His life up again (10:17-18). In other words, the Good Shepherd does more than just die for His sheep. He also rises to life again and continues to care for His flock. Thus, Christ can affirm, "I am the good shepherd and know my sheep, and am known of mine, even as the Father knoweth me, and I know the Father" (10:14). The relationship between Christ and His flock is deeply personal and loving; it reflects the relationship between God the Father and God the Son. There is a closeness and a deep knowledge of one another. There is an abiding and profound commitment and affection.  In this way, Good Shepherd Sunday is an affirmation of resurrection faith.

Easter Day, the Resurrection of our Lord- Mark 16:6; Luke 24:34

 He is risen. The Lord is risen indeed. (St. Mark 16. 6; St. Luke 24. 34)

Some Christians have celebrated Easter so long or so often that they may take it for granted, but we should pause for serious reflection about the Resurrection. We ought to be excited and joyful. Christ's Resurrection should continue to fill us with amazement and awe. It is the greatest manifestation of divine power, the greatest miracle, yet seen in human history. God's new act through Jesus Christ His only Son is truly awe-inspiring. 

Early on a Sunday in the first century,  the crucified Christ rose from the dead. A power greater than any natural forces we know broke into human history. Divine energy transformed the dead body of a defeated Jewish teacher into the glorious body of the Lord of all creation. God overcame sin and death and by raising Jesus, He also offered us new and eternal life. He transformed the Cross, the cruel instrument of shame and painful death into a symbol of new and glorious life. This is the great mystery at the heart of the Christian faith, and it still fills our hearts with awe and with joy. This is the day which the LORD hath made; we will rejoice and be glad in it. (Psalm 128. 24)

Good Friday- The Passion according to St. John 18 and 19

Good Friday is one of the most important observances of the Christian year. Over the centuries, Christians have developed a variety of devotions appropriate for the day. One resource used by some Christians has been a timeline to guide meditations throughout the day. Some such timelines have tried to draw together the different Passion accounts, but ten years ago, I developed the following one based on St. John chapters 18 and 19 which are used in the traditional readings for the day.

Friday morning just after midnight - Confrontation in Garden and Jesus' Arrest (John 18:1-12)

Friday early morning hours– Jesus is taken to the house of Annas, former High Priest; Peter's first denial; Jesus receives initial physical abuse (John 18:13-23);

Jesus sent to the High Priest Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin Court –Peter's second and third denials; Jesus bloodied by abuse (John 18:24-27).

Friday 6:00 a.m.-8:30 a.m. - Hearing before the Roman governor Pilate; Pilate tries to release Jesus but the Judean mob objects and prefers the release of Barabas (John 18:28-40).

Pilate has Jesus beaten.- Pilate's Roman soldiers take Jesus into the court ("Praetorium") and engage in mockery and torture, including a brutal crown of thorns (John 19:1-3) .

Pilate hesitates but the mob still cries out against Jesus (John 19:4-15).

Friday 9:00 a.m.-12:00 noon - Pilate hands Jesus over for crucifixion. Weakened by interrogations, sleep deprivation, and beatings, Jesus is forced to carry his own cross to the place of execution; then He is crucified under the charge of being "King of the Jews" (John 19:16-22).

The soldiers cast lots for His garments (John 19:23-24).

Friday 12:00 noon - 3:00 p.m. - Jesus continues to suffer on the cross. His mother, other women followers, and one male disciple (usually identified as John) remain with Him. Jesus commends His mother into the disciple's care (John 19:25-29).

Friday 3:00 p.m. - Death: Jesus says, "It is finished" and expires. The soldiers do not even bother to break His legs, but one pierces His side with a spear (John 19:30-37).

Friday before sunset - Burial: With the Sabbath approaching, Joseph of Arimethea and Nicodemus make arrangements for a quick but respectful burial in a nearby rock tomb (John 19:38-42)

Maundy Thursday- I Corinthians 11

This Thursday in Holy Week has been called by several names (such as the Thursday before Easter or Holy Thursday), but in the English, the most common name has long been Maundy Thursday, derived from the Latin word mandatum, "command." Although there are several associations for the day, the chief theme is the commemoration of the institution of the Lord's Supper, Holy Communion or the Eucharist. 

The Prayer Book epistle for this day is from I Corinthians 11 and contains St. Paul's version of the words of institution of the Lord's Supper. These simple words are at the heart of Christian worship. Theologians have often discussed these words and disputed their exact meaning.. Although sacramental theology is an important topic, the significance of the Eucharist goes beyond academic discussions. In other words, the place of the Lord's Supper in Christian life has more to do with having faith in Jesus, obeying His words and seeking His grace than with human philosophy.

Some simple affirmations seem clear. First, Jesus Himself began and commanded His disciples to continue this sacred meal. Secondly, He related it to His death that was about to take place for human salvation. Thirdly, this commemoration of His death also points to His grace and living presence among His people through the blessed bread and wine. Fourthly, the Sacrament anticipates that Christ will come again in glory. 

Thus, the Eucharist is not some meaningless ceremony or vague symbolism. It is a concrete affirmation of Christ's living presence in our midst. In this holy Sacrament, Jesus Christ comes to His people, and through bread and wine, He offers us Himself. In this outward way, He keeps offering us His forgiving and strengthening grace.

Pre-Lent- Sexagesima- Luke 8

The Second Sunday before Lent or Sexagesima (Latin- "sixtieth") continues to lead us to prepare for greater efforts in faith and action. But although we must strive for greater efforts, the Collect reminds us that we "put not our trust in any thing that we do." We depend upon God's power and His grace in all things.

The Gospel from St. Luke 8 also points us toward God's initiative in Christ. It is one of the accounts of the Parable of the Sower. This Parable is special because in the text Christ Himself develops an allegorical interpretation. A parable is a brief story that illustrates one key point; an allegorical interpretation, on the other hand, develops more symbolic details.

Thus, the Parable of the Sower points out that the seed (the Word of God) is sown in different soils but still produces much fruit. The allegorical interpretation goes on to look at the different soils, that is, the different kinds of people, who receive the Word of God. Although we tend to focus on what kind of soil we are or how we might become more receptive soil, the text is primarily addressing the other end of the process. In other words, the point is not mainly about what kind of people might make productive disciples. Instead, Jesus' disciples are being instructed about His ministry and about how they are to participate in that ministry. The seed has to be sowed; the Word has to be spread. The great Sower and His helpers have a job to do, and they are to spread the Word regardless of the diverse responses it receives. Some hearers of the Gospel do not produce good results, but some do, by divine grace, and those produce abundantly.

Modern Christians often focus too much on the mechanics of evangelization. Of course, we should show some prudence in our sowing. We sow the seed where there is some good soil. We make preparations and look for good ministry opportunities. Yet, we must not be overly anxious about such mundane details. The Word that is sown is God's Word, and ultimately, He is the One who brings any good results. We must not trust so much in our own efforts; rather we must learn to trust in the power of God's Word in Christ and in His grace to provide the growth of the kingdom.

Epiphany II- the Baptism of our Lord- Mark 1:1-11

The Books of Common Prayer from 1549 through 1662 follow the usage of Sarum and do not have a Sunday Gospel on Christ's Baptism during the Epiphany season. The 1928 American BCP re-introduced the reading from Mark 1:1-11 to observe this important event. By coming to John to be baptized, Jesus fulfilled all righteousness. Although sinless, our incarnate Lord expressed His solidarity with sinful human beings who all need cleansing. Jesus also received a special outpouring of the Holy Spirit on His human nature as He began His public ministry. And the heavenly voice acknowledged Him as the Son of God. This moment is a unique manifestation or epiphany of the divine glory in Christ. It also points ahead to His whole public ministry and work for human salvation. 

Because of Christ's uniqueness, there are certainly historical and theological differences between His Baptism by John and later Christian Baptism commanded by the risen lord in Matthew 28:19. Yet, in part, the Baptism of Jesus is also a model for us. He underwent Baptism to point to the human need for the washing of regeneration. He was pure, but we need to be cleansed. He was already in unity with the Spirit while we need to be born anew by the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. He was the Son of God by nature, but we need to be adopted as children of God. Baptism also points us to our ministries. Being baptized into Christ makes us members of Christ's Body and calls us to continue Christ's ministry in this world.

The Thirty-Nine Articles and Anglican Identity

 A significant question about Anglican Christianity, past and present, concerns its definition. What makes a church or a person Anglican? Is it merely English heritage or being Anglophile? Is it mainly having a traditional Book of Common Prayer or a modern derivative? Is it having bishops?  Is it being recognized by the Archbishop of Canterbury? Is being Anglican a matter of sharing opinions held by some historic Anglican party such as Low, High, or Broad Church? More than one of these characteristics probably applies to anyone who identifies as Anglican. 

However, there remains one important characteristic of Anglican identity that I have not listed. That characteristic is the position of the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion as a formulary or standard. Ironically, this theological statement that was intended to promote relative harmony in the sixteenth-century Church of England (1562,1571) has occasioned much debate and dissension over the years. In recent times,  Anglicans of varied persuasions have distanced themselves from the Articles. Even Anglicans who praise the Articles in theory often seem to ignore them.

Despite such recent trends, the historical fact is that most Anglicans for well over 400 years have affirmed some adherence to the Thirty-Nine Articles. Since at least 1662, they have been printed with the English Book of Common Prayer and Ordinal (and since 1801 with the American Book of Common Prayer). Furthermore, when non-Anglicans from diverse backgrounds write about Anglican beliefs, they always seem to mention the Articles along with the Prayer Book. So whether particular Anglican individuals or groups appreciate the Thirty-Nine Articles or not, as a historical reality, the Articles are associated with Anglican heritage and identity.

The Articles help one understand what Anglicanism intended to be. Along with the Prayer Book liturgies, the Articles express some basic Anglican principles and tendencies. They emphasize the authority of Scripture, affirm core teachings of the ancient catholic faith, and contain some Reformation insights on faith and life. Despite historical developments since their approval, they are still a valuable statement of principles. They contain basic Christian affirmations along with some distinctive English emphases. Through the Articles and the Prayer Book, one can see the basic characteristics of Anglican historical identity, an identity that has sought to be catholic, evangelical, and reformed.

Epiphany- 6 January- Isaiah 49:6

The feast and season of Epiphany begin with the first Evening Prayer near sundown on January 5 ("Twelfth Night"). The name Epiphany is derived from a Greek word meaning “appearance” or “manifestation.” Apart from Good Friday-Easter and Pentecost. Epiphany is the oldest yearly Christian observance. It is certainly older than Christmas Day, and it was the first day widely used to celebrate Christ’s Birth. In Eastern churches of the 3rd and 4th centuries, Epiphany seems to have been associated with all the events surrounding Christ’s beginnings. These events included Jesus’s Birth, the coming of the Wise Men, the presentation of the Infant in the Temple, the Finding of the youth Jesus in the Temple, and Jesus’ Baptism in the Jordan. As the church calendar developed, these events were commemorated on separate occasions. In the Latin-speaking Church, January 6 became associated with the Gentile Wise Men (Matthew 2) and Christ’s mission to the nations.

The theme of Epiphany can be summarized by the divine prophecy in Isaiah 49:6b, " I will also give thee for a light to the Gentiles, that thou mayest be my salvation unto the end of the earth." Jesus Christ, the Word made flesh, is the light of God's truth and love shining into a sin darkened world. This light shines on the faithful of Israel and spreads to all nations. May His light illuminate our hearts, minds and souls and shine before those around us!